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Kōrero: Te hī ika – Māori fishing

Whārangi 5: Te taenga o te Pākehā

Kōrero ai ngā Pākehā tōmua mō te nui o te ika, mō te tino mōhio o te Māori ki te hao. E ai ki a Kāpene Kuki i te tau 1773, ‘He mōhio atu rātou i a mātou ki te mahi ika, tae rawa ki ā rātou tikanga hao’. 1

Kupenga nui whakaharahara

He nui whakaharahara ngā kupenga a te Māori. I te 4 o Tīhema i te tau 1769, ka tuhi a Joseph Banks mō ngā Māori o Pēwhairangi e kata ana i a rātou mō te pakupaku o tō rātou kupenga i te Endeavour: ‘Ka mutu tā rātou kata i te pakupaku o tā mātou kupenga, ka whakaaturia mai tō rātou kupenga, e 9 mita te hōhonu, me te roa! E hika! Kāore e paku iho i te e 720-900 mita tōna roa ina tautau ana taua kupenga i te ika. 2

Ngā tauhokohoko me te Pākehā

Ka tipu ngā tāone, ka haere tonu ngā mahi hī ika a te Māori. I te tīmatanga, nā te Māori ngā ika whāngai i a Tāmaki, i a Te Whanganui-a-Tara, i a Ōtākou. E ai ki a William Swainson te rōia matua, i te tau 1852, e 1,792 ngā waka Māori i tomo ki te whanga o Tāmaki, e kawe ana i te e 45 tana ika me ētahi atu kai.

Te paheketanga o ngā mahi hao ika a te Māori

Ka pakari haere te noho a te Pākehā, ka paheke haere te noho a te Māori. Nā te rironga o ngā whenua tata ki ngā tauranga ika me te tuwhera mai o ētahi atu mahi, kua kore ngā haerenga ā-iwi ki te hao ika. Nā te aro o te Pākehā ki te hao ika hei kaupapa arumoni, tāpae atu ki te memeha haere o te ika me ngā ture i utaina ki runga i te hao ika, ka paheke te hao ika a te Māori. Kāore i whai hua te Māori i te hao ika hei kaupapa arumoni; i te nuinga o te wā, he mahi te hī ika hei tāpiri i ngā mahi ahuwhenua.

Ka noho tonu te ika hei tino kai mā te Māori – kainga tonutia i ngā tangihanga me ngā hui nui. Ahakoa te paheketanga o ngā mahi hī ika a te Māori, i whāia tonutia e ia āna tikanga hao ika tuku iho. Nāwai ā, ka hōhā te Māori mō te korenga o ngā rawa hao ika. I te tau 1991 ka kōrero a Mere Hutcheson o Pōrangahau mō te wā i a ia e tamariki ana, mō te kohi mātaitai - te pūpū, te kina, te pāua, te kuku:

Ka tonoa mātou ngā tamariki e ō mātou kaumātua kia haere ki tātahi…He nui te kai i aua rā, kāore i pēnei i ēnei rā. Kua kore te karengo, me uaua ka taea he kōura. I ngā rā ki mua ka whakahokia e mātou ngā mātaitai ki te kāinga, ka akona mātou e tō mātou whāea kia tākai i te mātaitai ki te rau karamu ka tao ki te hāngī. Koirā te mahi i ngā rā ki mua, he pāwhara tuna, he pāwhara ika; engari anō ēnei rā. Ka hipa ngā tau, ka rerekē te titiro ki tēnei mea te mahi ika.
Ki mua Whai muri: Whārangi 6. Fisheries management and practice Whai muri
Footnotes
  1. J. C. Beaglehole, ed., The journals of Captain James Cook on his voyages of discovery. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1961, w. 169. › Back
  2. Hautaka a Banks: kōrero ia rā: 4 Tīhema 1769. http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/banks/17691204.html (nō te 12 Hanuere 2006 te toronga mutunga). › Back
  3. Kei te kōrero a Mira Szaszy, Te tīmatanga tātau tātau: early stories from founding members of the Māori Women’s Welfare League, nā Anna Rogers rāua ko Miria Simpson i ētita. Wellington: Māori Women’s Welfare League and Bridget Williams, 1993, w. 55. › Back

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Paul Meredith, Te hī ika – Māori fishing – Te taenga o te Pākehā, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/te-hi-ika/page-5 (accessed 10 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Paul Meredith, i tāngia i te 22 September 2012.