He korero whakarapopoto
Southland is mainland New Zealand’s southernmost region, with the coldest lowland climate. Māori called it Murihiku, meaning ‘the last joint of the tail’.
Early days
At first, early Māori of the Waitaha tribe were based on the coast, living off seals, birds and eels. Later tribes to come to the region were Ngāti Māmoe and Ngāi Tahu, from further north.
Sealers and whalers arrived in the 1790s, and from the 1850s, immigrants from Britain started farming on the plains.
Main centres
Half the population lives in Invercargill city, and Gore is the largest town. Other towns include Mataura, Winton, Bluff, Riverton and Te Anau.
Fiordland
Fiordland is New Zealand’s largest national park and has the highest annual rainfall (up to 7,500 millimetres). Its glacial mountains, valleys and lakes are home to unique insects, such as giant weevils and snails, and colourful moths. Indenting the coastline are its many fiords, or sounds – steep-sided sea inlets.
Few people live there, although thousands visit each year. Attractions include:
- Milford Sound, which has clear, deep water in which divers can see rare fish and corals
- Milford Track – each summer more than 13,000 hikers take on ‘The Finest Walk in the World’. It includes the Sutherland Falls – 580 metres high
- Lake Te Anau, New Zealand’s second largest after Taupō, which has glow-worm caves on the west side.
Resources and industry
Southland’s rich resources include:
- fertile plains with sheep and dairy farms
- coal
- fish, lobsters and the famous Bluff oysters
- timber
- hydroelectricity from Lakes Manapōuri and Monowai.
People
Southlanders are known for their friendliness. Popular events are the Bluff regatta and April oyster festival, the Easter races at Riverton and Tūātapere sports day. They are proud of their rugby team, the Southland Stags, and the Southern Sting (now Steel) netball team.
A strong Scottish and Presbyterian influence is the legacy of hard-working 19th-century immigrants. Southland is the only New Zealand region to have a distinct accent, with a softly rolled ‘r’.
In 2013 there were 93,339 residents – 2% of the country’s population.