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Kōrero: Tūrei, Mohi

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Tūrei, Mohi

?–1914

Nō Ngāti Porou; he minita, he tohunga whakairo, he kaitito

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e J. T. Tamahori, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1990. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

Ko te whakaaro, i whānau a Mohi Tūrei i te tau 1830. I whānau ia ki Te Kautuku. Koinei ngā whenua o ōna tīpuna. E tata ana tēnei kāinga ki Rangitukia ki te wahapū o Waiapu. Ko Te Omanga Tūrei tōna pāpā, ko tōna hapū ko Ngāti Hokopū. Ko tana kōkā ko Mākere Tangikuku o Te Aitanga-a-Mate ki Hiruhārama. Ko ēnei hapū e rua nō Ngāti Porou. Ko Mohi anake tā rāua tamaiti. Ko Te Omanga, rātou ko ōna tāina ko Parāone Pohukura me Te Paaka nō ngā kāwai rangatira o ērā iwi. He whanaunga tata a Mohi ki a Mōkena Kōhere, i te taha ki tana pāpā, ki a Rāpata Wahawaha i te taha ki tana kōkā. Pērā me Mōkena me Wahawaha, me ērā atu rangatira o Ngāti Porou, i uru kaha ia ki ngā whawhai i roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti ki ngā Hauhau i te tekau tau atu i 1860. I ngā tekau tau i muri i ngā whawhai o tērā wā anō, ka noho ko ia tētahi o ngā kaiārahi whai mana o te rohe o Waiapu. I ngā tau roa i a ia e ora ana, tata pau katoa ana ki te rohe o Waiapu.

E tino tamariki tonu ana a Mohi, ka tae mai te Whakapono ki Te Tai Rāwhiti. Nā ngā mihinare Māori anō i mau mai. Ko ēnei tāngata o Ngāti Porou, i tae ki Paihia, te mīhana a te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare (Church Missionary Society) ki Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands); ko wētahi nā ngā mihinare Pākehā i whakaora, he herehere nā Ngāpuhi; ko wētahi i haere noa, ā, ka akona ki te kura i Paihia. Nō te tau 1834 ka whakahokia mai rātau e Te Wiremu (William Williams), he minita Mihinare, rāua ko Ieti (William Yate), he minita Mihinare anō, ki ō rātau iwi i Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko ngā rangatira o tēnei hunga ko Rukuata o Rangitukia, ko Piripi Taumata-ā-Kura o Whakawhitirā. I tū ki ēnei kāinga te karakia Karaitiana tuatahi ki Te Tai Rāwhiti i te 12 o Hānuere 1834. Nā Rukuata rāua ko Piripi i whakatikatika te iwi, ā, i whakamārama hoki te tikanga o te karakia.

Nā tēnei āhua ka tūturu te whakaaro i roto i a Te Wiremu me tū he mīhana ki Ngāti Porou. O ēnei tāngata, ko Taumata-ā-Kura te tangata whai mana, me te kaha tonu ki te kōrero mō tēnei whakapono hou, noho tonu atu hei āhua tohunga. I te tau 1836, ka haere te ope taua o Ngāti Porou, me ērā atu hapū o Te Tai Rāwhiti, ki Te Whānau-a-Apanui. Ko Toka-ā-Kuku tērā me ōna kōrero. Ka tae te kōrero a Ngāti Porou ki a Piripi Taumata-ā-Kura, kia haere i roto i te ope taua, kia kitea ai te mana o taua atua e karakiatia nei e ia. Na, ka whakaae, ēngari, nā tōna āhua tohunga, ka hangaia e ia he tikanga mō te āhua o tēnei haere, me te whakahaere o te pakanga. Tuatahi, kāhore he kai tangata; tuarua, me atawhai ngā taotū; tuatoru, kaua e tukitukia ngā taonga a te hoariri pēnei i ngā māra kai, me ngā waka; tuawhā, me whakatapu te Rātapu, arā, kaua e whawhai; tuarima, me tīmata me whakaoti ngā mahi o ia rā ki te karakia. E kīia ana ko Piripi tonu tētahi i mua i te ope taua, ko tana pū ki tētahi ringa, ko tana pukapuka karakia ki tētahi – kore rawa ia i whara. Noho tonu tēnei āhua, hei tauira ki ngā rangatira whakahaere tikanga i roto i a Ngāti Porou – arā, te māia, me te ū ki te whakapono. He pēnei katoa ēnei tāngata o Ngāti Porou, ngā rangatira i ngā pakanga i te tekau tau mai i 1860; ā, he pēnei anō hoki a Mohi.

E toru ngā hokinga mai o Te Wiremu ki Te Tai Rāwhiti i muri mai i te tekau tau mai i 1830. Ka mauria mai e ia he taitamariki kia akona i tana kura i Paihia. I te tau 1838, nā tana tuakana, nā Te Karu Whā (Henry Williams) i whakahoki mai tokoono o aua taitamariki, ki Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko Hēmi Kiko o rātau i whakatū i tana kura ki Rangitukia. I te tau 1839, kotahi tau tonu i muri mai, kua kaha te haere o tana kura, ā, ko ia tonu anō te kaikarakia. Tokomaha tonu ngā pakeke i tana kura, e 38 ngā tamariki. Ki te whakaaro ko Mohi Tūrei tetahi o ēnei tamariki. I te tau 1856 ka haere tētahi o ngā māhita o te kura nei, a Rāniera Kāwhia, ki Waerenga-a-Hika, ki te kura a Te Wiremu i reira, kia kurangia mō te mahi minita. Nō Pēpuere o te tau 1860, ka whakaminitahia. Nō te tau i muri mai, ka whakapirihitia a Rota Waitoa, te mātāmua o ngā minita Māori, ki Te Kawakawa (Te Araroa). Kua kaha te tipu o te Whakapono i roto i a Ngāti Porou, ēngari rawa ia ki Rangitukia ki Te Kawakawa. Koinei ngā iwi o Mohi Tūrei.

He kura anō i Te Kautuku, he kura Māori, arā, he whare wānanga. Ko tōna īngoa, ko Taperenui-a-Whātonga. Ko te tohunga o tēnei kura ko Pita Kapiti. I mahi tahi ēnei kura, i iriiringia a Kapiti, ahakoa ia he tohunga, kia āhei ai ia ki te titiro ki ngā tikanga me ngā akoranga o tēnei whakahaere. Pērā anō a Mohi Tūrei. I haere anō ia ki te kura i Taperenui-a-Whātonga, ā, i akona anō ki ngā mea ngaro a tērā kura. Ahakoa nā te Pākehā i mau mai te Whakapono nei, ēngari ko te āhua i roto i a Ngāti Porou, he whakapono Māori.

I pakeke ake a Mohi i roto i tēnei āhua, kua tae hoki ki te wāhi pekanga o ngā huarahi. Me uru rānei ia ki a Taperenui-a-Whātonga, me uru rānei ia ki te kura a te Hāhi hei māhita. Kua kitea kētia kei a Mohi te hiko mō te mahi tohunga. I titiro hōhonu a Mohi, ā, te mutunga, ko te Hāhi tāna i tohu ai. E kīia ana i mauria mai e ia wētahi o ngā taonga o Taperenui-a-Whātonga ki tana mahi minita; ko wētahi o ēnei ngā mea e maharatia ana e tana iwi. I te tau 1864, i te marama o Hepetema, ka whakaminitatia a Mohi Tūrei, e whā tau ia ki te kura i Waerenga-a-Hika. I te hīnota tuatahi a te Pīhopatanga o Waiapu, i tū i te tau 1861, ko Mohi te hīnotamana mō Waiapu. I te hīnota tuawhā i te tau 1865, ko Mohi tētahi o ngā minita Māori tokowaru; tokoono ngā minita Pākehā i reira.

Tae rawa ake ki tōna whakapirihitanga, kua tīmata a Te Tai Rāwhiti ki te uruuru haere ki ngā pakanga i whānau mai i Taranaki i te tekau tau atu i 1860. Ko wētahi tonu o Ngāti Porou i hiahia kē ki te ātete i te kāwanatanga. I te tau 1862 ka tare te haki a te Kīngitanga ki Waiomatatini. Nā tēnei āhua ka āwangawanga ngā rangatira. Kua kite hoki rātau i te hua o ngā pakanga ki Waikato, ki Taranaki, ki Tauranga. Ka ngaro te tangata, ka ngaro te whenua i te raupatu. Nā reira ka tū kē te nuinga o Ngāti Porou mō te Hāhi, mō te kāwanatanga, kāore mō te Kīngitanga, ā, kore rawa atu mō te whakapono hou nei, mō te Pai Mārire.

Ko te hiahia o te Hauhau ko te haere mai ki Te Tai Rāwhiti, ki Tūranga hoki. I Ōpōtiki tētahi o ngā rōpū i haere mā uta ki Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (Poverty Bay), ko tētahi i haere mā te takutai moana ki Waiapu. Tērā kua tūtaki kē wētahi o ngā iwi o Ngāti Porou ki wētahi o te Hauhau. I haere hoki a Ngāti Porou ki Waikato, ki Tauranga ki ngā pakanga i reira. I te taenga o te Hauhau ki Te Tai Rāwhiti ka tīmata rātou ki te kauhau i te Pai Mārire ki ngā iwi o reira, ā, kāore i roa, kua huri wētahi ki taua whakahaere. Pērā anō a Ngāti Porou. He maha o rātou i huri ki te Pai Mārire. Kua tīmata hoki te tipu o te Hauhau i roto o Tūranganui-a-Kiwa. Ā, kua āwangawanga a Pīhopa Wiremu mō tana kura i Waerenga-a-Hika. I tūpono a Mohi ki Waerenga-a-Hika i te wā i whakaaro ai te Pīhopa ki te kati i te kura. Kāore a Mohi i hiahia kia haere te Pīhopa. Ki a ia, me tū te Hāhi, me pakanga. Nā te Pīhopa tonu te kupu me haere rātau, kia kaua e mate te tangata me te whenua. Nā Mohi anō te kupu me haere i te awatea, kaua i te pō.

I te marama o Maehe 1865, ka patua a Te Wākana (C. S. Völkner) i Ōpōtiki. He minita Mihinare, nā ngā Hauhau i patu. I te taenga mai o te Hauhau ki Ngāti Porou, ka haere a Mohi ki tana iwi, ki a Te Aowera, e hui ana i te marama o Hune ki Popoti, he wāhi e tata ana ki Hiruhārama, ki te whakatū whare karakia mō rātau. Ko ngā kākahu o Mohi, he kākahu hōia. Ka rere te pātai: 'He aha tēnei haere ahau me ō kākahu hōia?' Ka whakahokia 'Kua tae mai te hoariri o te Hāhi, ngā Hauhau, ngā Pirihitini (Philistines). Ko taku hiahia kia haere mai koutou ki te āwhina i au ki Waiapu ki Pukemaire.' Ka whakatika atu he ope o Te Aowera ki te tuki i a Pātara Raukatauri, he kaingārahu nō te Pai Mārire, arā, kua tae ake ki Te Kawakawa. Ko rātau kua tahuri ki te Kīngitanga e whanga ake ana mōna i Pukemaire pā i te riu o Waiapu.

I taua wā tonu, ka tae mai a Te Mākarini (Donald McLean) ki Tūpāroa. Koia te kanohi o te kāwanatanga, i tūtaki ki ngā rangatira o Ngāti Porou, me tana oati ka tae mai ngā hōia a te kāwanatanga ki te āwhina i a rātau, ā, ka tukua hoki he taputapu hōia. Ko Mōkena rāua ko W. L. Williams me Te Mākarini, i haere ki Tūpāroa i Tūranga (Gisborne), i te 8 o Hune. Ko Mohi te kaiwhakahauhau i a rātau, i te ope o Ngāti Porou i haere ki Tūranga i ngā rā whakamutunga o Oketopa 1865. I mate i a rātau ngā Hauhau i Waerenga-a-Hika. Heoi, kāore a Mohi i mau pū. Ko Mohi anō te kaituhi rīpoata ki a Te Mākarini i te āhua o te pakanga, me ngā pukapuka hoki a Te Mākarini ki a ia. Ahakoa rā a Mohi me ngā rangatira i tautoko i te kāwanatanga, kāore a Mohi i tautoko i te tuku whenua ki te Pākehā. I pēnei ngā kōrero a te kaiwhakawā o Waiapu, a J. H. Campbell, te kaiwhakawā takiwā i Waiapu. Ki tana kī, ko Mohi te hoariri o ngā tāngata whai e pana atu ana i a rātau, i muri mai o te pakanga.

Ko tētahi o ngā mahi tuatahi a Te Wiremu, a te Pīhopa o Waiapu, i te tau 1870, he whakapirihi i a Mohi i Rangitukia. Ahakoa rā kua mutu te pakanga, ēngari kei te mau tonu te riri i roto i wētahi o ngā hapū. Ko Mohi tonu tētahi i ākina e tēnei hunga. I te tau 1871, ka tahuna tana whare i Te Rapa e te hunga e kī ana nō rātau kē te whenua. Ka haere ia ki Waikoriri, me te whai tonu a ōna hoariri i a ia. Ka tūkinotia ana taiepa kai me ana mahinga. Koinei anō ngā wā Kōti Whenua Māori, he wā hoki e pakangatia ai ēnei take ki te aroaro o te Kōti. He nui ngā whakapae a ngā hapū. Heoi ko te āhua tērā puta noa i te motu i muri mai i ngā pakanga ki te Pākehā.

I te pōti o te tau 1875–76, ko Mohi te kaiwhakahaere o te pōti mō Hōtene Porourangi ēngari kāore i momoho. He kaitautoko hoki i a Rāpata Wahawaha me Paratene Ngata i ngā kaupapa rapu painga hei hiki i te iwi, rapu oranga hoki mō ngā tamariki. Kua tīmata ngā mahi ahu whenua, mahi witi, kānga, me ngā mahi hipi ki te rohe. Kua hanga kaipuke hoki wētahi, hai kawe i a rātou kai ki ngā mākete i Ākarana (Auckland). I pakanga hoki a Mohi ki te Hāhi Mōmona i te putanga mai ki Waiapu. Tae rawa ake ki te pokapū o te tekau tau atu i 1870, kua kaha tonu te tae mai o ngā Pākehā ki te rohe; ka whakaae a Mohi me ngā rangatira hoki, ki te tuku i wētahi o ō rātau whenua, kāore he hoko, ēngari me rīhi mō ngā tau e tika ana. Nāna i whakariterite ngā whakahaere a te Kōti Whenua Māori i roto i te rohe o Waiapu. Nā aua Kōti anō i whakatau ēnei mahi katoa. I wētahi atu wāhi he tino hē rawa atu ngā whakataunga a ngā kōti, ēngari, ko Ngāti Porou i waimarie, ā, i whiwhi tonu ai ki te nuinga o ō rātau whenua.

Ko te wahine tuatahi a Mohi ko Meri Āwhina-ā-te-rangi. I ngā tau pokapū o 1860 i moe ai rāua. Tokowhā ā rāua tamariki. Ko Wiremu Mātenga, ko Mere Te Rina, ko Ērena Hēni me Poihipi. He kaingākau nā Mohi rāua ko Meri a Paratene Ngata rāua ko tōna wahine, ko Kāterina Naki. Kua roa rāua e moe ana, kāhore anō he tamariki. Nā Meri i tohi a Paratene kia mauria a Kāterina ki tētahi tohunga i Waiapu, ko Hākopa te īngoa. Me haere tahi rāua. Ka mahia e te tohunga ngā mahi mō rāua, ā, ka oti, ka kī atu ki a rāua. 'Ka whai tamariki kōrua, tokorua. Ēngari, mā te mau o ngā tohutohu kua hoatu nā e au ki a kōrua. Ka whānau tā kōrua mātāmua ka mate ahau. He aha kōrua i haere mai ai ki au?' I te tau 1874 ka whānau a Apirana Ngata. I te rangi i iriringia ai e Mohi Tūrei i Te Araroa ko Meri te matua-atua. Nā Meri anō i hoatu te īngoa Turupa (trooper), hei whakamaharatanga ki tana tamaiti i mate i mua tata atu. I te hākari o te iriiri ka tae atu te kōrero kua mate a Hākopa.

Kāore i te mārama nō nahea a Meri Āwhina i mate ai, a nō nahea hoki i moe ai a Mohi i a Kararaina Korimete (Caroline Goldsmith). He kura māhita a Kararaina. Tokorima ā rāua tamariki, ko Te Parāone, ko Teki, ko Ngārangi, ko Peta me Te Paaka. Ko Te Parāone te mea i whai i tana pāpā hei minita. I haere ki te kura minita i te Kāreti o Te Rau Kahikatea, i Tūranga. Ko ia te minita Māori tuatahi o Ngāti Porou ki te whiwhi i te tohu Licentiate in Theology. I te tau 1910, ka noho ko ia te minita i Tūpāroa. I te tau 1912, ka mate i te taipō piwa. E kī ana tana Pāriha, moumou! I a ia katoa ngā taonga a tōna matua. Kei Whareponga e nehu ana.

I te wā o te kaumātuatanga o Mohi, ko ia tonu tētahi o ngā tāngata rongonui o Ngāti Porou i roto i te Hāhi, i roto hoki i te iwi. He tangata koi te hinengaro, tau ki te kōrero, mātau hoki ki te reo o ōna mātua tīpuna. I mōhio ki ngā korero o te ao kōhatu me ngā kupu Māori mō ngā mea o te rangi o te whenua. He mātāpuna mō ngā kōrero o Ngāti Porou me ōna tīpuna. Ko ana tuhituhi i te reo Māori ki a Te Mākarini, ki a Samuel Williams, he mea mīharo ki ngā whakatupuranga o muri nei te mārama o te whakatakoto o te kupu. I patapataitia a ia, e Te Pēhi (Elsdon Best) mō ngā īngoa o ngā hau me ngā wāhi o ō rātau ahunga mai. Ko tana pukapuka mō tana tipuna mō Tūwhakairiora he tino taonga tuku iho, kua kīia he taonga rangatira i ēnei rā. Nāna ngā haka nunui o Ngāti Porou i tito, he tohunga hoki mō te whakairo. Ko ia tētahi o ngā kaiwhakairo o te whare o Hinerupe i Te Araroa, i whakahoungia nei i ngā tau o te tekau tau atu i 1930. Ko Hoani Ngātai o Te Whānau-a-Hunāra tētahi nāna i āwhina a Mohi ki te whakairo i a Ō-hine-waiapu e tū mai rā i te ngutu awa o Waiapu. E rua rawa ngā nekehanga o tēnei whare, ā, nō ngā tau o te tekau tau mai i 1970, ka whakahoungia ngā amo, ngā maihi me te koruru. Pērā anō hoki a Porourangi e tū mai rā i Waiomatatini, i whai wāhi a ia ki ngā mahi whakairo o taua whare. Nō te tau 1988, ka whakanuia te rau tau o tōna hanganga. Ko ēnei whare katoa kei roto i tana Pāriha.

I te tau 1904, ka noho ko ia te minita tuatahi o te pāriha o Waiapu. He tino hoa a ia nō Samuel Williams, nāna rā i tīmata a Te Aute. Nāna i hanga he whare mō Mohi hei tohu aroha māna ki tōna hoa, ki te tangata i pono ki te Atua, ki te iwi, ki te Hāhi. I haere rawa ia ki Te Wairarapa hei minita mō ngā tau e whā, hei pupuri i te karakia i roto i ērā iwi. I te hokinga mai ka pararaihangia ana waewae, ā, mō ngā tau e 13 ko tōna kāinga ko te marae o Rangitukia. Ko tōna whare karakia ngā wāhi e tae ana ia, mā te kōneke e mau, mā te tangata e hiki.

Nō te 2 o Maehe 1914 ka moe te koroua i te moenga roa. Ko ōna tau kei waenganui i 80 me te 89. Nō reira e te matua, kua okioki koe me te hunga nā koutou nei i whakatakoto te whāriki wharanui mō Ngāti Porou. Moe mai koutou i roto i te Ariki.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

J. T. Tamahori. 'Tūrei, Mohi', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1t113/turei-mohi (accessed 29 March 2024)