Story: Whāngai – customary fostering and adoption
Page 5. External links and sources
More links and websites
Whangai Tamariki
George Graham’s 1948 article about whāngai, from the Journal of the Polynesian Society.
Whangai: remembering, understanding and experiencing
A 2006 report on whāngai, from the MAI Review (PDF, 223 KB).
How to cite this page
Basil Keane, Whāngai – customary fostering and adoption, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/story/171882/sources (accessed 10 June 2026).
Story by Basil Keane, published 5 February 2014, updated 1 June 2017.