Kōrero: Ngā Rauru Kītahi

Whārangi 2. Te noho a te Pākehā

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Ngā ātete ki te hoko whenua

Nō muri i te taenga o ngā mihinare me ngā tāngata whai Pākehā ki te rohe o Taranaki, ka whirinaki atu a Ngā Rauru ki te whakapono Karaitiana. Whāia, ka ora te iwi i ngā mahi tauhokohoko. I te tau 1848, ka hoko te kāwanatanga i ētahi whenua i te taha tonga o Taranaki. I te tekau tau atu i 1850, ka whai ētahi o Ngā Rauru i ō rātou huānga o Taranaki ki te ātete i ngā hoko whenua. Ka ātete ngā Māori i te hoko whenua ki Waitara; kīia ai rātou, he tāngata whakakeke. I te mutunga, ka pakaru mai te riri ki te taha raki o Taranaki. Ka tautoko tētahi wāhanga o Ngā Rauru i ngā iwi e whawhai ana mō ō rātou whenua.

Ngā pakanga ki te taha tonga o Taranaki

I te tau 1859, ka whakaaetia e tētahi wāhanga o Ngā Rauru te hoko i te poraka whenua o Waitōtara ki te kāwanatanga. Ahakoa ngā ātete a te rahi, nō te tau 1863 ka mana te hoko. Ka pakaru mai anō te riri i taua tau, tae rawa ki te tau 1867. Ka tau te urupatu o te kāwanatanga, ka tahuna ngā kāinga me ngā mahinga kai o te iwi. Tokomaha ngā tāngata o Ngā Rauru ka hinga i ēnei pakanga, nui te whenua i raupatutia. I te tau 1865, ka raupatutia neke atu i te e 150,000 (e 60,700 heketea) o ngā whenua o Ngā Rauru.

Te pana

I te tau 1868, ka pakaru mai anō te riri ki te rohe o Taranaki, ka tautoko a Ngā Rauru i a Tītokowaru o Ngāti Ruanui. Ka whāia a Ngā Rauru e ngā hōia a te kāwanatanga ki te tuawhenua rā anō; ka pāhuatia ngā mahinga kai, ngā kararehe, ngā whare. I mua i te tau 1873, kāore i whakaaetia kia hoki a Ngā Rauru ki ō rātou kāinga. I ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1870, ka riro i te Karauna ngā whenua o Ngā Rauru kei waho atu o te rohe raupatu, ā, kīhai i tika te rangahau nō wai te mana whenua. Nā te kore whenua, ka kore he oranga mō te iwi.

Parihaka

I tautoko a Ngā Rauru i ngā kaupapa a Te Whiti-o-Rongomai rāua ko Tohu Kākahi ki Parihaka i te pū o Taranaki. Ko tā rāua take, he ātete aumārie i te noho a ngā tāngata whai ki ō rātou whenua i raupatutia. Ko ētahi o Ngā Rauru i roto i te rahi i panaia i Parihaka e ngā hōia a te kāwanatanga i te tau 1881, ka heria mauheretia ki Te Wai Pounamu.

Ngā paremata kore take

I te tekau tau atu i 1880, i whiwhi paremata ngā iwi o Taranaki - tae noa ki a Ngā Rauru - mō ngā whakawhiu a te Karauna i a rātou. He maramara whenua noa iho ka whakahokia ki te iwi. Ko te mate kē, i taka ngā whenua nei ki raro i ngā whakahaere o te Public Trustee. Kāore i arotia nuitia ngā tikanga pupuri whenua a te Maori, ka mutu, ko ētahi o ngā whenua i whakahokia ki a Ngā Rauru, i hokona, i rīhitia rāneitia ki ngā tāngata whai mō ake tonu atu. I ngā tau 1926–27, i whakawhiwhia e te Kōmihana Sim tētahi paremata iti ki a Ngā Rauru.

Ngā rōpū tōrangapū, ngā hāhi: Rātana me Te Māramatanga

Nō muri i ngā pakanga o te tekau tau atu i 1860, ka puea ake ētahi tirohanga tōrangapū, whakapono hōu. Ka whai ētahi o Ngā Rauru i te whakapono Pai Mārire. Ka haere tonu ngā rangahau mō tētahi whakapono ka rite ki te wairua Māori. Atu i te tau 1920, he tokomaha ngā uri o Ngā Rauru i whai i ngā akoako a Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, nāna nei te hāhi Rātana. Nō muri, ka whānui ana kaupapa ki ngā mahi tōrangapū. Heoi, i manawapā ētahi, i tō rātou whakaaro kei te tawhiti rawa te hāhi Rātana i ngā akoranga a te Karaiti. Nā tēnei āhuatanga, ka waihangahia te hāhi, a Te Māramatanga, ka whāia e Ngāpiki Hākaraia rāua ko tana tāne, a Hoani. Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1940 i Kai Iwi te pokapū o Te Māramatanga, heoi, ka paheke haere te hāhi nei i te tekau tau atu i 1950. Kei te whakapono ngā pononga o tēnei hāhi, tērā te wā ka ara ake he kaiārahi hōu ki te whakaora anō i te hāhi.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Taituha Kīngi, 'Ngā Rauru Kītahi - Te noho a te Pākehā', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/nga-rauru-kitahi/page-2 (accessed 4 May 2024)

He kōrero nā Taituha Kīngi, i tāngia i te 8 Feb 2005, updated 1 Mar 2017