Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Pātete, Haimona
1863/1864?–1921
Nō Ngāti Kōata, nō Ngāti Kuia; he rangatira, he kaihanga whakapono
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Anthony Patete, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1996. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.
Nō te tau 1863, 1864 pea rānei i whānau ai a Haimona Pātete (ko Haimona Turi anō tōna īngoa) ki te motu o Rangitoto (D'Urville Island) i ngā kokorutanga o Te Wairau (Marlborough Sounds). I te hekenga tuatahi mai o Ngāti Toa i Kāwhia i te taha o Te Rauparaha i te tau 1822, ko tana koroua, ko Te Putu rāua ko tana pāpā, ko Turi Te Pātete ētahi o ngā kaihautū o Ngāti Koata i haere ake. Nō te pakanga o Whakapaeiti i te tau 1824, ka mau hereheretia a Tūtepourangi, te tumu whakarae o Ngāti Kuia. E ora ai tōna iwi, tukua ana e ia a Rangitoto me ērā o ngā whenua o reira ki a Ngāti Koata. I te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1840, ko Turi Te Pātete anō tētahi ki te haina. Ko te whaea o Haimona, ko Ōriwa te wahine tuatoru a Turi, arā te tamāhine a tētahi o ngā rangatira o Ngāti Kuia, a Kereopa Ngārangi rāua ko tana wahine, ko Kerenapu.
Ahakoa kāore i te tino mōhiotia ngā kōrero mōna e tamariki ana me te pēhea o te kura i a ia, he matatau nei a Haimona ki te pānui i te reo Māori me te reo Pākehā. Tērā pea he mea kura a ia e ngā mihinari, i haere rānei ia ki tētahi kura Māori. Tēnā pea he mea whakatupu tonu mai ia i Rangitoto i a ia e taiohi ana. I te whakataunga a te Kōti Whenua Māori i 1895 ko wai ka whakawhiwhia ki te motu, riro ana i a ia te wāhanga, 1,205 eka te rahi. I rīhitia noatia atu e ia taua whenua, ēngari nō te tau 1911 ka hokona atu e ia ki te tuakana o te whānau Moleta me ōna tēina. Kāti i mau tonu ia ki ōna pānga whenua i ngā motu kei waho atu, hoki mai ki te tuawhenua. I te tau 1894 i riro nā Pātete i whakawhere te kāwanatanga kia aro mai ki ngā tangi a Ngāti Koata mō te rironga o Takapourewa (Stephens Island); arā, he mea āta tango tonu mai taua whenua rā i te tau 1891 hei tūnga mō te whare raiti hei whakatūpato i ngā waka moana. I te tau 1895 £140 te moni i utua e te Kōti Whenua Māori hei kamupeneheihana.
Nō te tekau tau atu i 1890 ka neke a Pātete ki te pā o Ngāti Kuia i Ruapaka i waho o Wakamarino (Canvastown) e tata atu ana ki te ngutuawa o Kaituna (Havelock), ā, he putaputa tonu mai tana mahi ki Te Wairau me Te Wairarapa. Ākene pea tokotoru kē nei āna wāhine. Mate uri kore noa te mea tuatahi o rātou a Hārena, arā, he tohunga. Nō te tau 1898 ka moe ia i a Pirihira Pītama (ko Noti Pītama rānei), nō ngā kāwai o Ngāti Kuia, nō Rangitāne me Te Āti Awa. Tērā pea nā ngā hononga o te tuahine o Pirihira Pītama ki Te Wairarapa i pū ai te kawekawe, piri tangata hoki o Haimona ki reira i ngā tau whakamutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1890. Ko te āhua nei he wā anō mai i te tau 1901, i whiwhi a ia i te tuatoru o ana wāhine, i a Ani Rārua, he mea moe e ia ki tā te tikanga Māori.
Ka tae ki te tekau tau atu i 1890 ka tīmata te ara ake o Haimona Pātete hei kaihautū mō te whakapono me te taha tōrangapū. Nō muri i te putanga ake o te matakite ki a ia e pāngia ana e te mate, ka whakatūria e ia te Hāhi o te Rūri Tuawhitu o Ihowā (he mea karanga pōhēhē i te reo Pākehā ko te Hāhi o ngā Rūri e Whitu o Ihowā), ā, he mea kuhu atu hoki e ia ngā tohutohu a te poropiti rā, a Pāora Te Pōtangaroa. O ngā uruparenga hou ki te kaupapa Karaitiana o taua wā, ka noho ko tana Hāhi tētahi o ngā mea tuatahi. Whakamutua atu ana tērā āhua o mua e whakaparahako noa ana i ngā whakapono a te Pākehā, ēngari me āta noho tonu te Hāhi ki te tiro mārika i ngā tino hiahia o te Māori. Ki tā te tangata he kaikauwhau kē a Pātete, ehara kē i te tohunga Māori, ahakoa i mau tonu tana taha Māori. Tērā tētahi kōtiro ko Rere Hōri Te Kuru i pāngia e te mate, ā, kāore nei i taea e ngā tākuta tokorua te whakaora. Ko te āhua nei, e taea ana e Pātete te whakaora tūroro, ā, nāna i ora ai te kōtiro rā. He mea karakia e ia taua kōhine rā, whakahaungia ana e ia kia maranga, kia hīkoi.
Hāngai katoa ana te kāwai whakarārangi o tōna Hāhi tae atu ki ngā whakaakoranga me ngā karakia ki tō te Hāhi Mihinare, ēngari i mahue ake te Kai Hapa: ki tā te Māori kātahi te mahi mōrikarika ko tēnei, ko te kai i te tinana o te Karaiti, ā, ki te nuinga o rātou he tohu whakahāwea kē tēnei i te tinana o te tangata, takahi hoki i tōna mana. Ka whakahaungia ngā pononga ki te rīpenetā i ō rātou hara, me te mau tonu o tō rātou whakapono ki te Atua mā roto i te Karaiti, noho ake nei i raro i ngā whakahau a te Karaipiture. Nō te mea ko te Kuini o Ingarangi te ūpoko nui o Aotearoa me te Hāhi Mihinare, ka noho anō hoki ko ia hei Kuini mō te Māori, ā, hei ūpoko hoki mō tō rātou whakapono.
Nō te toronga atu o te Hāhi ki Te Wairarapa i te pokapūtanga o te tekau tau atu i 1890, tokomaha ana te hunga i hono mai ki raro ki a Taiāwhio Te Tau. Nō te tau 1903 i rangona ai kua tautokona te Hāhi e te kaihautū rā, e Tainui o Ngāti Tāhinga. Nā te kore i whakaae mai o ngā Māori o ērā atu whakapono ki te kerēme a te Hāhi o te Rūri Tuawhitu, arā, koia anake te hāhi tika mō ngā Māori katoa, mate noa ana te hiahia o Pātete kia noho ko tana Hāhi noa hei hāhi whakakotahi i te iwi Māori. I te wā e mārō ana te haere o tana Hāhi i te tau 1915–1918, 18 kē ngā minita me ngā pīhopa, ka noho tonu te Hāhi i Te Wairarapa me ngā kokorutanga o Te Wairau. Taka mai ana ki te wā e tupuheke ana te Hāhi, e maranga ake ana ko te Hāhi Rātana. I muri i te haerenga atu o T. W. Rātana ki Te Wairau i te tau 1921 huri kē ana a Taiāwhio Te Tau rātou ko ngā minita me ngā pononga ki te whai i te whakapono hou, hoki rānei ki te Hāhi Mihinare, ki ō rātou nei hāhi rānei o mua. I noho tonu a Pātete hei māngai mō te Hāhi o te Rūri Tuawhitu ā mate noa. I nāianei takitahi noa iho ngā tāngata kei te mau tonu ki te Hāhi nei, kore noa iho rānei.
Kāre i mutu mai ngā mahi a Pātete ki te hāhi anake, inarā ka tae nei ki te tau 1896 kua noho kē mai ia hei rangatira mō te pā o Ruapaka. I riro ko ia tonu i te whakahaere i ngā huinga maha nei ki reira, whai atu hoki i ngā hui ki Te Wairarapa. Nāwai rā riro ana nāna a Hāmuera Tamahau Mahupuku i āwhina ki te hanga anō i te marae i Uruōtāne. I runga i te hiahia o ngā iwi o Ngāti Kuia me Rangitāne kia whakahaerea he mahi pāmu mā rātau, i petihanatia e Haimona rāua ko Meihana Kereopa te kāwanatanga i te tau 1896 kia tukua mai he whenua. Kore rawa i whakaaetia mai. I taua tau anō i riro nā tana hapori ia i whakatū hei kanohi mō rātou ki te Pāremata o te Kotahitanga. Hei tohu i te ngākau pono o Ngāti Kuia, o Rangitāne, o Ngāti Rārua, o Ngāti Koata me Te Āti Awa ki a Kīngi Eruera Te Tuawhitu, kātahi anō ka karaunatia, i te tau 1902 tukua ana e Haimona he mere pounamu ki te mēa o Ōpawa (Blenheim); noho ana ko te whakautu mai he tokotoko, he mea whakairo ki te hiriwa. I taua tau anō he mea hiki atu e Haimona tana hui ki Waikawa. Ēngari kia māmā ai tana manaaki i ōna hapū o Ngāti Kuia me Rangitāne, ā, kia pai hoki tana whakaako i a rātou ki te mahi pāmu, ka neke ia ki Mint Bay i Tōtaranui (Queen Charlotte Sound). I te tau 1904 i tae atu hoki ia ki te hui e kōrerorerotia ana te take hanga tohu whakamaharatanga ki a Tamahau Mahupuku, te kaihautū o ngā iwi o Pāpāwai. Hainatia ana e ia te petihana e tono moni atu ana mō tēnei take i te kāwanatanga.
E rua ngā rōpū tōrangapū i tautokona e ia, arā, ko te Rōpū Rīpera (Liberal Party) me te Rōpū Taitamariki Māori (Young Māori Party). I mau kaha tonu ia ki ngā tikanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi, ā, ko tāna i hiahia ai kia whai kāwanatanga ā-rohe, tae atu ki ngā kaupapa whakahounga e ai ki ngā whakarite a te Māori. Nā te mea ko ia te tangata nāna te pepa Mātuhi haere atu i 1904, i āhei ia ki te pānui i ana kōrero mō te Hāhi me ana hononga tōrangapū. Whakamahia ana hoki e ia ērā anō o ngā pepa Māori hei mau i ana kōrero.
He tangata hīkaka a Pātete i ngā kaunihera ā-takiwā katoa i whakatūria i raro i te Ture Kaunihera Māori (Māori Councils Act) 1900, me te Ture Whakahaere i ngā Whenua Māori (Māori Lands Administration Act) o taua tau anō. Ko te hiahia hoki mā ērā kaunihera e whai wāhi paku noa nei te Māori ki tētahi kāwanatanga mō rātou, ā, kia taea hoki te whakahaere tōtika ake ō rātou whenua. Ko tā ngā kaunihera, e ai ki tā Pātete he tiaki i te taha tinana o te iwi, ko tā te Hāhi o te Rūri Tuawhitu, he whāngai i te taha wairua. I te tau 1904 ka whakatūria a ia hei kaitohutohu mō te Kaunihera Māori o te Takiwā o Arapawa (Arapawa District Māori Council). Tae rawa ki te tau 1910 kua tata pau kē te hau o ngā kaunihera Māori, he kore moni te take. Ka mutu i te tau 1905, tino whakarerekētia ana e Timi Kara (James Carroll) te minita mō ngā take Māori, te hanga tū me te mana o ngā kaunihera whenua, nā runga tonu i ngā pēpēhinga mai a ōna hoa tōrangapū.
I noho ake anō hoki a Pātete ki runga ki te Rōpū Mahi Atawhai o Niu Tīreni (Liberal and Labour Federation of New Zealand) akiaki ai i ōna hapū kia kuhu mai. Hoi anō i ētahi wā uaua ana te mahi nei. Ahakoa anō ngā mea i taea e ia, arā, a Ngāti Rārua me Rangitāne i te takiwā ki Te Wairau, ēngari ko Ngāti Kuia me ētahi atu, takeo ana. Ki tā Ngāti Kuia, he kaha rawa nō te whakamanamana o Pātete te mate nui ki a Ngāti Kuia, ā, he kore kite hoki nō ētahi atu he aha te painga, me e hangaia ana he peka, ā, he kore pai tonu hoki nō ētahi ki taua kaupapa rā.
Ka āhua mārama ake ngā mahi a Pātete i runga i te Rōpū Mahi Atawhai, nā te hanga pai o te iwi Māori ki te pirimia, ki a Te Hētana (Richard Seddon), tiro atu hei matua tonu ki a rātou, ina pukuaroha tonu hoki a ia ki ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki ō rātou whenua. Whakanōhia ana a Pātete hei hēkeretari mā te Rōpū Mahi Atawhai o Niu Tīreni, arā, ko tēnei ko te wāhanga Māori o te Rōpū. Ka rua ngā peka i whakatūria e te Rōpū, kotahi ki Waitohi (Picton), kotahi ki Te Wairarapa; i te tangihanga ki a Te Hētana i te tau 1906 ka haere a Pātete hei kanohi mō te peka o Waitohi. Ahakoa pēhea tana whakapatipati atu i a Mahuta, te Kīngi Māori, kia tautokona e ia te Rōpū Mahi Atawhai i te tau 1903, kore ana i pahure i a ia.
I te tau 1911 he mea whakataetae nā rāua ko Taare (Charles) Rere Parata te rohe pōti ki Te Tonga, hinga ana ko Pātete. Nō reira i whakamutua e ia āna mahi tōrangapū, ēngari i mau tonu ia ki ngā mahi a te Hāhi. Ko tō rātou kāinga ko tōna whānau i nāianei ko Waitohi, ā, i reira he atawhai tamariki te mahi a te whānau. Nōna ka pōwhiritia ki Rotorua ki te tūtaki ki te Piriniha o Wēra i te tau 1920, ka tāpaetia atu ki a ia he mētara. Nō tōna matenga i Waitohi i te 25 o Hune 1921, ka mahue iho ko tana wahine tuarua me tana tama. Kātahi nā te tangihanga nui ko tōna. Tanumia ana ia ki te urupā o Waikawa.
Nō te reanga kaihautū Māori hou kē nei a Pātete, e whai kē ana kia mahi tahi rātou ko te kāwanatanga koroni kia tutuki ai ngā wawata o te iwi Māori. Atu i tēnā e ngana ana hoki ia ki te whakawhiwhi i tōna iwi ki ngā tautōhito me ngā mātauranga a te Pākehā, i te wā tonu e rapu ana tana Hāhi i te huarahi hei whakakotahi i te iwi Māori. Hoi anō me kāre ōna hiahia tōrangapū, whakapono rānei i tutuki i te wā i a ia e ora ana, ka noho tonu a ia hei whāinga mā te tangata nā āna mahi i mahi ai ia.