Kōrero: Kapa Haka

Whārangi 3. Ngā panonitanga o te rautau 1900

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Waiata-ā-ringa

Nō ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1900 e tāpiritia ana ngā waiata-ā-ringa. I hua ake te waiata-ā-ringa i te whenumitanga o ngā waiata Pākehā me ngā nekeneke ake a te Māori. Kāpā ko te haka waiata tūturu, he maha ake ngā ringa o ēnei waiata hou hei whakaahua i ngā kupu. 

Ko Āpirana Ngata

E whakaae ana te iti me te rahi nā ngā mahi a Āpirana Ngata i kaingākaunuitia ai te waiata ā-ringa i te ao Māori. Ko ngā titonga tōmua rawa e kitea ana ki te hōtaka o te hui a te Rōpū Rangatahi Māori i te tau 1908. Ko ōna kaiārahi ko Ngata, ko Te Rangi Hīroa, ko Māui Pōmare mā.

I te wā o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ka whakatenatena a Ngata kia mahi moni ngā kapa haka mō te Pūtea Hōia Māori. I muri mai i te pakanga ka kohia e ia ngā waiata me ngā whaikōrero, ā, nō te tau 1929 ka puawai ake ko te puka o Ngā Mōteatea.

Waka poi 

Ko tā te poi waka e tauira ana i te hoenga o te waka. E ai te whakaaro nā Guide Bella o Te Arawa tēnei i tito i te Whakaaturanga i Ōtautahi i ngā tau 1906-07.

Te tito waiata-ā-ringa

He maha ngā waiata hou ka titoa mai e ngā kapa haka hei waiata rānei mā ngā kapa haka. Nō te takiwā o 1918 ka titoa a Pō Atarau (Now is the Hour). Nāwai ka waiatatia tēnei waiata e ngā manu korokī o te ao pērā i a Bing Crosby.

Te piupiu me ētahi atu kākahu

Nā te kaha ngākaunui o te tangata ki te kapa haka i te rautau 1900 ka rerekē anō ngā momo kākahu, ā, ka whakarākaitia atu me ngā pūweru tūturu ake o te Māori, kua kore kē e tino kitea. Ka hangā houtia ētahi kākahu nō te ao tawhito. Ko te piupiu tētahi pūweru mō te tāne me te wahine, ā, he mea whakahirahira i roto i te kapa haka. Ko te tikanga o te kupu piupiu he piu mai i tētahi taha ki tētahi. He mea hanga te piupiu ki te harakeke maroke, ā, ka rarā ōna aho ki te manawataki o te haka.

Ngā taonga pūoro

Ka tīpako tonu ngā kapa haka Māori ki te whakamahi i ngā taonga pūoro Pākehā i te taha o ngā titonga Pākehā. Ko te rakuraku te mea pai, arā, he māmā ki te heri haere. Ko te koriana anō tētahi whakatangitangi i kitea e paingia ana e te Māori i te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Valance Smith, 'Kapa Haka - Ngā panonitanga o te rautau 1900', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/kapa-haka/page-3 (accessed 12 May 2024)

He kōrero nā Valance Smith, i tāngia i te 22 Oct 2014, reviewed & revised 9 Feb 2023