DUELS
DUELS
In New Zealand it is a criminal offence to challenge or provoke another person to fight a duel. If two people deliberately fight a duel in which one is killed, the survivor is guilty of murder. Consequently the full facts concerning a duel are often not recorded.
Irish
‘My great-grandfather Mick Scannell came out on a boat from Cork. The story goes that he had never seen a tomato till he arrived in Lyttelton.’
This NZHistory.net.nz exhibition examines the
question of where all British immigrants, including
the Irish, came from and why.
New
Zealand Ireland Association
This Irish website has information for New
Zealand Ireland Association members, who can be
from Ireland or New Zealand, with links in either
country.
The New Zealand Irish Consulate site and
directory of Irish societies and other activities
in New Zealand.
New
Zealand Society of Genealogists Irish Interest
Group
A New Zealand Irish genealogy website.
The New
Zealand Ireland connection
Established to highlight the links between the
two countries, this site includes a list of New
Zealand’s Irish migrants.
The Ulster New Zealand Trust was formed to
restore the Irish birthplace of New Zealand Prime
Minister John Ballance. This site includes
information about John Ballance, and Ballance
House.
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Akenson, Donald Harman. Half the world from
home: perspectives on the Irish in New Zealand,
1860–1950. Wellington: Victoria University
Press, 1990. -
Fraser, Lyndon, ed. A distant shore: Irish
migration and New Zealand settlement. Dunedin:
University of Otago Press, 2000. -
Fraser, Lyndon. To Tara via Holyhead: Irish
Catholic immigrants in nineteenth-century
Christchurch. Auckland: Auckland University
Press, 1997. -
Patterson, Brad, ed. The Irish in New
Zealand: historical contexts and perspectives.
Wellington: Stout Research Centre for New Zealand
Studies, 2002. -
Rogers, Anna. A lucky landing: the story of
the Irish in New Zealand. Auckland: Random
House, 1996. -
Sweetman, Rory. Bishop in the dock: the
sedition trial of James Liston. Auckland:
Auckland University Press, 1997. -
Toleton, Jane. Convent girls. Auckland:
Penguin, 1994.
Tsunamis
Because of its long, exposed coastline, New Zealand is vulnerable to destructive waves that periodically surge onto its shores. Since the catastrophic Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, there has been a sharpened awareness of the dangers.
On the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency
Management site: an overview that links to two
major reports on tsunamis in New Zealand, prepared
after the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December
2004.
Tsunami in the coastal areas of the Waikato
region
On the Environment Waikato site, this includes
general information and diagrams, and links to a
regional policy statement.
Information and links on the National Institute
of Water and Atmospheric Research site.
This is an illustrated, general-interest article
on tsunamis in New Zealand, by Terrence Wood, is in
the Gamma Series on the Royal Society of New
Zealand site (268 KB).
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Bryant, Edward. Tsunami: the underrated
hazard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2001. -
de Lange, W. P. ‘The last wave – tsunami.’ In
Awesome forces, edited by Geoff Hicks and
Hamish Campbell, 98–123. Wellington: Te Papa Press,
1998. -
de Lange, W. P. ‘Tsunami and storm surge hazard
in New Zealand.’ In The New Zealand coast: te
tai o Aotearoa, edited by James R. Goff and
others, 79–95. Palmerston North: Dunmore, 2003. -
Dudley, Walter C., and Min Lee.
Tsunami! Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press, 1988.
Floods
Surrounded by ocean, New Zealand is regularly swept by weather systems that bring heavy rain. The country’s many rivers and streams can quickly become powerful torrents, bursting their banks and causing millions of dollars of damage each year.
EW – River flooding in the Waikato region
This page on the Environment Waikato site has
extensive information about river flooding, and the
council’s risk mitigation plans. Most regional
councils have a section on their websites related
to flooding and other natural hazards.
Greater
Wellington – River levels
The Wellington Regional Council site includes
graphs of river levels recorded by the flood
metering equipment around the region.
This site outlines the flood monitoring
operations on the West Coast of the South Island –
a high rainfall area.
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Grayland, Eugene C. New Zealand
disasters. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed,
1957. -
McCloy, Nicola. New Zealand disasters:
earthquakes, eruptions, wrecks and fires. Events
that rocked a nation.. Auckland: Whitcoulls,
2004. -
Morris, Bruce. Darkest days. Rev. ed.
Auckland: Wilson & Horton, 1987. -
Mosley, M. Paul, and Charles P. Pearson, eds.
Floods and droughts: the New Zealand
experience. Wellington: New Zealand
Hydrological Society, 1997.
Seafood
The Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of
New Zealand ranks fish according to how well their
fisheries are managed.
New
Zealand seafood. The greatest meal on
earth
This site provides information about the seafood
industry and resources for schools, as well as
recipes and nutritional facts.
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Bailey, Ray, and Mary Earle. Home cooking to
takeaways: changes in food consumption in New
Zealand during 1880–1990. Palmerston North:
Dept of Food Technology, Massey University,
1993. -
Betts, Dean. Fish! Fish! Fish!
Auckland: New Holland, 2002. -
Burton, David. 200 years of New Zealand food
and cooking. Wellington: Reed, 1982. -
Davidson, Janet. The prehistory of New
Zealand. Auckland: Longman Paul, 1984. -
Johnson, David. Hooked: the story of the New
Zealand fishing industry. Christchurch:
Hazard, 2004. -
Miles, Sue. A taste of the sea: the cookery
of New Zealand seafood. Auckland: Heinemann,
1980.
Atmosphere
It’s the air we breathe, it protects us from the sun, and it controls the earth’s temperature. The atmosphere makes life possible, but human activities have tipped the balance towards pollution, global warming and depleted ozone – burning issues for New Zealanders.
The Ministry for the Environment’s web page on
air-quality standards.
Aurora australis, Stirling Point, New
Zealand
This site features spectacular photographs of
auroras in Southland.
The US Space Environment Centre site includes
this page describing where and when you can see
auroras.
The website of New Zealand’s National Institute
of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) features
information on the country’s climate, including
greenhouse gases, ozone and global warming.
The US Environmental Protection Agency site
presents this section, explaining in simple terms
why the earth is warming.
IPCC 2007: Summary for policymakers
This 2007 report by the International Panel on
Climate Change summarises the evidence that the
climate is warming, and discusses the global policy
implications.
A useful site describing various aspects of
space weather, including solar wind and solar
flares.
The New Zealand Sunsmart site explains the
danger posed by the sun in New Zealand. This page
gives the times of day when you need maximum
protection.
The
greenhouse effect – a New Zealand perspective on
climate change
This publication in PDF format, from the
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric
Research, explains New Zealand’s greenhouse gas
emissions and global climate change.
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Austin, Jill, and others, eds. Air pollution
science for the 21st century. Boston:
Elsevier, 2002. -
Bengtsson, L. O., and C. U. Hammer, eds.
Geosphere–biosphere interactions and
climate. New York: Cambridge University Press,
2001. -
Eather, Robert H. Majestic lights: the
aurora in science, history, and the arts.
Washington: American Geophysical Union, 1980. -
Scientific assessment of ozone depletion:
2002. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring
Project, Report 47. Geneva: World Meteorological
Organisation, 2003. -
UV radiation and its effects – an
update. Miscellaneous Series 60. Wellington:
Royal Society of New Zealand, 2002.
Horticultural use of native plants
Today gardeners use tree ferns, tussock grasses and some of the hundreds of varieties of hebe to create fascinating gardens. But for a long time native plants were seen as drab. Apart from some spectacular exceptions, native plants don’t have showy flowers. In the 1970s and 1980s, interest in natives bloomed.
The Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture
site includes PDFs of papers from the 1999
conference ‘New Zealand Plants and Their
Story’.
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Cave, Yvonne, and Valda Paddison. The
gardener’s encyclopaedia of New Zealand native
plants. Auckland: Random House, 1999. -
Gabites, Isobel, and Rob Lucas. The native
garden: design themes from wild New Zealand.
Auckland: Random House, 1998. -
Metcalf, L. J. The cultivation of New
Zealand trees and shrubs. Rev. ed. Auckland:
Reed, 2000. -
Metcalf, L. J. New Zealand native rock
garden & alpine plants. Auckland: Random
House, 2000. -
Spellerberg, Ian, and David Given, eds.
Going native: making use of New Zealand
plants. Christchurch: Canterbury University
Press, 2004. -
Thompson, Peter. The looking-glass garden:
plants and gardens of the southern hemisphere.
Portland: Timber Press, 2001.
Bush trams and other log transport
In the early days of logging, felling a tree was just the first stage of a back-breaking process. Getting the timber to the mill took strength and courage – the bushmen would haul massive logs that could slip or roll, along narrow, muddy tracks. Inventive engineering produced steep, curving tramways and rugged locomotives. Most of these are now long gone, replaced by the highway and the diesel truck.
Timber industry: New Zealand historic heritage
conservation
On the Department of Conservation website, this
page about the timber industry includes information
about locations where you can see the remains of
kauri dams, log haulers and bush tramways.
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Anderson, Ken. Servicing Caterpillar: the
story of the Taumarunui branch of Gough Gough &
Hamer. Taumarunui: C & S, 2000. -
Diamond, J. T., and B. W. Hayward. Kauri
timber dams. Auckland: Lodestar, 1975. -
Mahoney, Paul. The era of the bush tram in
New Zealand. Wellington: Transpress,
2004. -
Reed, A. H. The new story of the kauri.
Wellington: A. H. & A.W. Reed, 1964. -
Reed, A. H. The story of the kauri.
Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed, 1954. -
Simpson, Thomas E. Kauri to radiata: origin
and expansion of the timber industry of New
Zealand. Auckland: Hodder & Stoughton,
1973.
First topdressing trials
The first aerial topdressing trials were made at Ōhakea in 1948. A New Zealand Air Force Avenger torpedo bomber was fitted with a reserve petrol tank modified to carry and release fertiliser. Trays were laid on the ground to measure the rate and spread of the fertiliser. Conclusions were so encouraging that further trials were planned – and the aerial topdressing industry was born.
Biosecurity
Information from the Department of Conservation
about biosecurity and invasive species.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry’s site
describes MAF Biosecurity New Zealand’s work in
protecting the environment, biosecurity, and
controlling pests and diseases.
Marine biosecurity in New Zealand
This biodiversity information site has
information about the agencies responsible for
marine biosecurity.
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Druett, Joan. Exotic intruders: the
introduction of plants and animals into New
Zealand. Auckland: Heinemann, 1983. -
McDowall, R. M. Gamekeepers for the nation:
the story of New Zealand’s acclimatisation
societies, 1861–1990. Christchurch: Canterbury
University Press, 1994. -
Nightingale, Tony. White collars and
gumboots: a history of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Fisheries, 1892–1992. Palmerston North:
Dunmore, 1992. -
Taylor, Bruce, and others. New Zealand under
siege: a review of the management of biosecurity
risks to the environment. Wellington: Office
of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the
Environment, 2000.
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