E whā ngā whanga ki te rohe o Ngāti Whātua – a Hokianga, a Kaipara, Te Waitematā, a Manukau. I hau te rongo mō te toa o ngā tīpuna o Ngāti Whātua He wāhi nui tō Ngāti Whātua i roto i ngā kōrero mō Tāmaki-makau-rau.
Ko te tikanga o te ingoa o Ngāti Whātua-whānui, o Ngāti Whātua-tūturu rānei, arā, ko te iwi whānui, ko te iwi tūturu rānei o Ngāti Whātua, me kī, ngā iwi tokowhā ka noho ki ngā whenua atu i te whanga o Hokianga ki Tāmaki-makau-rau. Ko aua iwi ko Te Roroa, Te Uri-o-Hau, Te Taoū me Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. Ko te ingoa o Ngāti Whātua ka whakatauhia ki runga i ngā iwi nei, ki runga hoki i a Ngāti Whātua ki Ōrākei. Ahakoa te whakaaro he hapū kē ngā iwi e whā nei, he iwi motuhake tēnā me tēnā o rātou. Ka mahi ngātahi, ka mahi motuhake rānei rātou i ngā wā e tika ana.
Taketake mai ngā iwi o Ngāti Whātua i te tipuna i a Tuputupuwhenua (ko Tumutumuwhenua rānei). Whakaheke ai ngā iwi i te waka a Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi, tērā o ngā waka i pae ki te tai hauāuru, ki waenganui i ngā whanga o Kaipara rāua ko Hokianga. Ka pā anō ngā tātai o Ngāti Whātua ki ngā tīpuna i heke i te takiwā o Muriwhenua kia moe ki roto i te iwi.
E whakapono ana a Ngāti Whātua ki te raki, me kī a Te Roroa, hei tama, hei mokopuna rānei a Tuputupuwhenua nā Kupe. Hei tā rātou, ko Ngāi Tuputupuwhenua ngā uri o tana wahine a Kui, kīia ai rātou, ko Te Tini-o-Kui. Ko rātou ngā tāngata tuatahi kia noho ki te whārua o Waimamaku me te ngahere o Waipoua. Tērā te kōrero a Te Roroa mō te ingoa o Tuputupuwhenua, e kī nei rātou ko Tuputupuwhenua he puna waiora i pupū i te whenua.
Engari ki tā ngā iwi ka noho ki te tonga, ko Tumutumuwhenua kē te ingoa o te tipuna nei ā, i puea ake ia i te whenua. Tokorua āna wāhine: ko Te Repo, he wahine e kitea ai e te tangata matakite anake; ko Kui, nāna te hue me te taro i kawe ki Aotearoa.
Ko Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi te waka tūturu o Ngāti Whātua. Ko te taha rāwhiti o te pito whakateraki o Aotearoa te wāhi tuatahi i tau mai a Māhuhu. Ka toro ia ki ngā Whangaroa, Tākou me Whangaruru, ka tau ki te whanga o Pārengarenga. Kātahi ka huri te waka mā Te Rēinga kia puta ki te tai hauāuru.
E kī ana te iwi o Te Roroa, ko Whakatau te rangatira, nāna te waka i pae ki Kawerua kei te tai hauāuru. I reira ka moe tana tama a Rongomai i a Takarita, he wahine nō taua takiwā.
Ki te kōrero a ngā iwi noho ki te tonga, ko Rongomai kē te rangatira o runga i te waka, ka mutu, ka tau te waka ki Tāporapora-o-Toko-o-te-rangi, tētahi kūrae kei te whanga o Kaipara. I te taupokitanga o te waka, ka toremi a Rongomai ki te moana, ka ākina tōna tinana ki ngā toka tū kei te raki o te tomokanga ki te whanga; kīia ai taua wāhi, ko Te Ākitanga-o-Rongomai. Ka kainga tōna tinana e te araara. Mai i taua wā kore rawa ōna uri e kai i taua momo ika.
Kei ētahi kōrero e kī ana, i hoki te iwi o Māhuhu ki te tai tokerau, kia noho ki te whanga o Rangaunu. Ko te manga o Te Waipopo-o-Māhuhu te taunga o te waka.
Toitū ana a Te Roroa ki te riu o Waimamaku, te ngahere o Waipoua, te pari o Maunganui me te riu o Kaihū. He uri rātou nō Manumanu I rāua ko tana teina a Rangitauwawaro. Ka heke rāua i Muriwhenua ki te whārua o Waimamaku. Ko Waimamaku te wāhi i moe ai rāua me ō rāua uri ki a Ngāi Tuputupuwhenua, Te Tini-o-Kui, Te Uri-o-Nuku (nō Ngātokimatawhaorua), Ngāti Ruanui (o runga i a Māmari), Ngāti Kahu, Ngāi Tamatea (nō runga i a Tinana, a Māmaru me Tākitimu), Ngāti Miru (o runga i a Mataatua), Ngāti Rangi me Ngāti Ririki.
Nō te wā i a Manumanu II (te tama a Manumanu I), a Rongotaumua (te tama a Rangitauwawaro) me tō rāua uri a Toa, ka nui ake te mana o Te Roroa . Nāwai ā, ka riro i a rātou ngā whenua o Kaihū me te taha whakarunga o te awa o Wairoa, ka whakatūria he pā ki ngā maunga Maungaraho me Tokatoka. Nō muri, nā ngā mokopuna a Toa (ngā tamariki a tana tama pakeke a Tiro) te mana i whakawhānui. I a Te Waiata rāua ko tana tama, te tohunga rongonui a Tāoho te mana ki Kaihū me te pari o Maunganui. Ko Te Maunga te mana whenua ki Waipoua; ko Te Toko ki Taiāmai; ko Te Māra ki Waimamaku; ko Paekoraha ki Waiwhatawhata me Hunoke. Ko ngā rangatira whakahirahira o te rau tau 1800, ko ngā uri o Toa a Te Tāua, a Tiopira Kīnaki, a Parore Te Āwha, a Tirarau.
Ko te ingoa o Te Roroa, nō te wā i patua a Manumanu II i tētahi pakanga ki Kawakawa i te Pēwhairangi. Nā tōna māia ka kī te hoariri mōna, ‘Te Hei! Te roroa o te tangata, rite tonu ki te kahikatea!’
Ka heke te wā, ka tau te mana o ngā iwi nei ki te whanga o Kaipara - ko Te Uri-o-Hau ki te raki, ko Te Taoū ki te tonga. I pēnei nā te whātoro o Ngāti Whātua ki ngā whenua o Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Ririki me Ngāti Mārua.
Heke iho a Te Uri-o-Hau rāua ko Te Taoū i a Haumoewhārangi (ko Houmoewārangi, ko Haumaiwārangi rānei). Ka heke whakatetonga ia mā te riu o Kaihū me te awa o Wairoa, kia noho ki Poutō, kei te tomokanga whakateraki o te whanga o Kaipara. Nā ngā kōwhetewhete mō tētahi māra kūmara ka patua ia. Ka whāia e tana pouaru e Waihekeao kia āwhina tana take utu e Kāwharu, rangatira toa o Tainui. Ka whakaae atu a Kāwharu, ka arahina tana taua ki Kaipara. Ka pāhuatia ngā pā i te tai hauauru atu i Muriwai ki te tomokanga o te whanga o Manukau. Kīia ai ēnei pakanga, ko Te Raupatu Tīhore.
I riro i ngā tamariki a Haumoewhārangi rāua ko Waihekeao – a Mawake, a Whiti, a Rongo, a Mauku, a Riunga, a Weka me Hakiputatōmuri, te mana o Kaipara, tae rawa ki Whāngārei i te rāwhiti, ki Whakapirau (Wellsford), me te kūrae o Mangawhai. Ko Hakiputatōmuri te tipuna taketake o Te Uri-o-Hau, ko Mawake te tipuna taketake o Te Taoū.
Kāore tonu i te mōhiotia te tikanga ake o te ingoa o Te Taoū. Kei tētahi e kōrero ana i ahu mai te ingoa o Te Taoū i a Hakiputatōmuri rātou ko tōna iwi, i mōhiotia ai mō te toa ki te mau ki te tao i te pakanga. Kei tētahi atu kōrero e kī ana i takea te ingoa i a Toutara, te mokopuna kōtiro a Haumoewhārangi, i patua me te tao. Nā te ringa kaha o Tumupākihi, te mokopuna tuarua a Haumoewhārangi rāua ko tāna tama a Waha-akiaki ka tau tō rātou mana ki taha tonga o te whanga o Kaipara.
I te wā e toitū ana a Te Taoū ki te taha tonga o te whanga o Kaipara, ko Te Wai-o-Hua te iwi nui ki Tāmaki-makau-rau, ko Kiwi Tāmaki tō rātou rangatira. Hāunga ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā iwi nei, nā te kuhu atu o Ngāti Whātua ki ngā whenua ki te tonga, ka riri ngā iwi nei. I te tangihanga o Tumupākihi ka pakaru te riri. Ka tae atu a Kiwi Tāmaki me ana toa; nō te wā o te hākari ka whakaekehia ohoreretia te tangata whenua e rātou, ka patua ētahi. Ka rere a Waha-akiaki, te tama a Tumupākihi, rātou ko Tūperiri mā ki tōna pā ki Te Mākiri. Ka whakapaea te pā e Kiwi mā. Kāore i hinga. I tana wehenga, ka taunu a Kiwi i a Waha-akiaki, ka whakairia e ia te whaturei o Waha-akiaki ki runga o Maungakiekie. Ka whakautu a Waha-akiaki, ka whakairia e ia te whaturei o Kiwi ki runga i te rākau pūriri ki Tauwhare.
Ko te pakanga nui o ngā pakanga i tū i te tau 1741 ki Paruroa (e mōhiotia i nāianei ko Big Muddy Creek) ki te whanga o Manukau. Ka patua a Kiwi Tāmaki ki reira e Waha-akiaki. I ngā pakanga i muri mai ka tau te mana o Waha-akiaki rāua ko Tūperiri ki te puku o te rohe o Tāmaki. Ka noho ngā uri taketake o Te Taoū ki te whanga o Kaipara i raro i te awe o Waha-akiaki, ko tētahi wāhanga ka noho ki Tāmaki i raro i te mana o Tūperiri. Nāwai ā, ka mōhiotia tēnei peka o Ngāti Whātua, ko Ngāti Whātua, ko Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei rānei.
Atu i ngā tau tōmua tae atu ki ngā tau pokapū o te rau tau 1800, ko Te Ōtene Kikokiko te rangatira o Te Taoū i te tonga o te whanga o Kaipara, ko Āpihai Te Kawau te rangatira o Ngāti Whātua ki Tāmaki. Ka noho tonu a Te Wai-o-Hua ki te taha o Ngāti Whātua engari i te tonga o Tāmaki-makau-rau kē ō rātou nohonga. Arā anō ngā hapū karanga rua pērā i a Te Uringutu me Ngā Oho.
He kino ngā pakanga o ngā tau 1815 ki te 1840 ki te iwi o Ngāti Whātua. He iwi kaha tonu a Ngāti Whātua i ngā pakanga i mua i te taenga mai o te Pākehā. Hei tauira, i hinga a Ngāpuhi i a Te Roroa ki Moremonui i te pakanga o Te Kai-a-te-karoro. I pakanga a Ngāti Whātua ki Tāmaki rāua ko Te Wai-o-Hua ki a Ngāti Pāoa o Waiheke me Moehau. Engari ia, nō te taenga mai o ngā pū a ngā kaihokohoko me ngā tāngata whai, ka huri te āhua o ngā pakanga, ka nui atu ngā pakanga, ka tokomaha atu ngā tāngata ka mate.
Ko Apihai Te Kawau te rangatira o Ngāti Whātua ki Tāmaki i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800. He mokopuna ia nā Tūperiri. I te tau 1822, 1823 rānei, ka whai ia i ngā ope taua o Waikato e haere ana ki te tonga. I huri āwhio te taua nei mā Rotorua ki Te Matau-a-Māui me Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ka hoki atu mā Taranaki me te rohe o Waikato. I a Āpihai Te Kawau e ngaro ana, ka whakaekea a Tāmaki-makau-rau e ngā taua mau pū a Hongi Hika. Nui rawa atu ngā pū a Hongi Hika me Ngāpuhi. Ka whakaekea a Mauinaina, te pā o Ngāti Pāoa. Tini ka mate. Ka rere atu a Ngāti Whātua i te rohe o Tāmaki. I te tau 1826 ka hinga anō a Ngāti Whātua i a Ngāpuhi i te awa o Kaiwaka kei te tonga o Whāngārei, i te pakanga o Te Ika-a-Ranganui. Ka rere ngā mōrehu i te wehi o te pū, ka mahue a Kaipara me Tāmaki-makau-rau.
Nō te tau 1840 ka haina ētahi o ngā rangatira o Ngāti Whātua i te Tiriti o Waitangi - a Tirarau rāua ko tana teina a Taurau, a Te Roha o Te Uri-o-Hau me Te Parawhau, a Hāmiora Pakikoraha o Te Roroa, a Te Tinana, a Te Reweti me Āpihai Te Kawau o Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. Hāunga, ka riro te nuinga o ngā whenua o Ngāti Whātua mā roto i ngā kerēme i mua i te tau 1840, mā ngā hokohoko tinihanga a te Karauna, mā ngā mahi a te Kōti Whenua Māori, mā ētahi atu mahi tinihanga hoki.
I te tau 1842, ka pakaru te riri i waenganui i a Te Uri-o-Hau me tētahi kaihokohoko. Ko te whakapae a ngā Māori i takahia te tapu o tētahi urupā e te kaihokohoko. Ko te utu mō te mahi a Te Uri-o-Hau, ka tangohia ō rātou whenua e 2000 heketea te rahi.
Ka rongohia te ringa kaha o te kāwanatanga ki ngā whenua o Te Roroa, mā roto i āna tikanga rerekē (pēnei i te hē o te tatau i te rahi o te whenua me ngā paenga whenua), āna takahitanga o āna ake ture i te wā i hokona te nuinga o ō rātou whenua i te tekau tau atu i 1870. Kāore te kāwanatanga i aro ki ngā whakaaetanga ā-waha, ā-tuhi hoki e mea ana kia rāhuitia he whenua mō te Māori. I pērā anō te pā kino a te kāwanatanga ki a Te Taoū. Tata ki te e 6 ōrau o ngā whenua i te whanga o Kaipara i riro i mua i te tau 1865. Ko ngā whenua i mahue mai i tae ki mua i te Kōti Whenua Māori i mua i te tau 1891; kia tae ki te tau 1908 kua riro te e 55 % o ēnei whenua.
I roto i ngā tau, ka tūkinotia, ka tangohia ngā kōiwi o ngā tīpuna i ngā urupā o Te Roroa rāua ko Te Uri-o-Hau.
I te 20 o Maehe 1840 i hainahia e Āpihai Te Kawau te Tiriti o Waitangi ki te whanga o Manukau. Nō muri tēnei i tana pōhiri ki a Rūtene Kāwana Wiremu Hopihona (Lieutenant Governor William Hobson) kia noho ki Tāmaki-makau-rau, hei kaitiaki mō te whenua, mō te iwi. Heoi, nō te nekenga o te tāone matua mai i Kororāreka (Russell) ki Tāmaki, ka kaha ake te hiahia a te Pākehā ki te whenua. I hokona e Ngāti Whātua ngā eka e 3,000 (1,214 heketea) ki te Karauna mō te moni me ngā rawa e 341 pāuna noa iho te uara; kāore i pau te ono marama, ka hokona tētahi pito o taua whenua e 44 eka te rahi (17 heketea) mō te e 24,275 pāuna. I te rua tau i muri mai, ko te toenga o te whenua i wāwāhia, i hokona mō te 72,000 pāuna neke atu. Kia tae rawa ki te tau 1850, kua riro kē te nuinga o ngā whenua pai o te iwi i Tāmaki.
Taka rawa ki te tau 1900 kua whāiti te noho o Ngāti Whātua ki te whanga o Ōkahu i Ōrākei. Ka kaha ake te pēhi a te kāwanatanga me te Kaunihera Tāone o Ākarana i a ratou kia whakawāteatia te whenua. Ka whakatakotoria he paipa parakaingaki ki runga tonu i te papakāinga i Ōkahu. Kāore i āhei ngā kāinga o Ōkahu ki ngā wai māori o te tāone. Ko ngā whānau whakamutunga ki Ōkahu i panaia i ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1950; ka turakina ō rātou kāinga, ka tahuna te wharenui. Ko te whare karakia me te urupā anake kei reira ināianei.
Mai anō i te hui a ngā rangatira Māori o te motu ki Kohimarama i te tau 1881 i raro i te mana o Paora Tūhaere, e tū ana a Ngāti Whātua ki te ihu o ngā mautohe whenua. I te tau 1977, i arahina he noho mautohe e Joe Hawke ki Takaparawhā mō ngā rā e 506. I te otinga ka panaia ngā uri o Ngāti Whātua i te papatipu i manakohia e rātou. Nā ngā whakaaturanga o te hunga pāpāho, ka mārama ake ngā tāngata katoa ki ngā tangi a te Māori mō te whenua. Mai i tērā wā he nui ngā mahi kua tutuki. Nō te tau 1992 i whakaputahia e Te Rōpu Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi āna rangahau mō te kerēme a Te Roroa, nā reira e whai wāhi ana rātou ki ngā tūranga ikeike o tō rātou rohe. Kua ū anō te Karauna kia pai āna mahi, i tana tuku i te kaitiakitanga o Tāne Mahuta, te kauri nui rawa kei te ngahere o Waipoua, kei te taha raki o Tākiwira.
Nō te tau 2000 i whakatauhia te kerēme a Te Uri-o-Hau ki te Karauna. I rongohia ngā kōrero mō ngā kerēme a Te Taoū i mua i te aroaro o Te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 2004. I whakawhiwhia a Ngāti Whātua ki tētahi paremata mō ngā whenua i riro i Ōrākei. I ēnei rā, kua tū te iwi ki ngā mahi toi me ngā mahi tōrangapū o te tāone nui o Tāmaki. Kua whai kerēme anō a Ngāti Whātua mō te nuinga o te rohe o Tāmaki. Neke atu i te 15,000 ngā tāngata i tae ki te whanga o Ōkahu, i te rā tuatahi o te mano tau hōu, ki te pōhiri i a Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi te waka hōu o te iwi, ki te whanga i panaia a Ngāti Whātua i ngā tau e 50 kua taha.
In the New Zealand censuses since 1991, residents of Māori descent were asked to indicate the tribe to which they were affiliated. The figures below show the number who indicated the Ngāti Whātua tribes (including those who indicated more than one tribe), and the regions where they were found in the greatest numbers.
The only previous census asking Māori to indicate tribal affiliation – but not of multiple tribes – was that of 1901.
Belgrave, Michael. Auckland: counting the hectares. Waitangi Tribunal Rangahaua Whanui Series. Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal, 1997.
Fenton, F. D. ‘The Orakei judgement.’ In Important judgements delivered in the Compensation Court and Native Land Court, 1866–1879, 53–97. Auckland: Native Land Court, 1879.
Simmons, D. R. Maori Auckland. Auckland: Bush, 1987.
Smith, S. Percy. The peopling of the north. Christchurch: Kiwi, 1998 (originally published 1897).
Waitangi Tribunal. Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Orakei claim. Wai 9. Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal, 1987.
Waitangi Tribunal. The Te Roroa report. Wai 38. Wellington: Brooker and Friend, 1992.
http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/resources/school_info/resourcekitsforschools/orakei.asp
He pae tukutuku tēnei nā Te Rōpu Whakamana i Te Tiriti mā ngā tamariki. He whakarāpopotonga kōrero e pā ana ki ngā whenua o Ngāti Whātua ki Ōrākei.
http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/resources/school_info/resourcekitsforschools/teroroa.asp
He pae tukutuku tēnei nā Te Rōpu Whakamana i Te Tiriti mō ngā tamariki o te kura. He whakarāpopotonga kōrero e pā ana ki te pūrongo o Te Roroa.