Kei te pūtake o ngā pūrākau o Ngāti Tūwharetoa, ko ngā maunga whakahī me ngā roto o tō rātou rohe i te puku o Te Ika-a-Māui. Ko Taupō-nui-a-Tia te roto nui rawa atu i Aotearoa; kei waenganui pū a ia i te rohe o Ngāti Tūwharetoa.
Ko Tongariro te maunga
Ko Taupō-nui-a-Tia te moana
Ko Ngāti Tūwharetoa te iwi
Ko Te Heuheu te tangata.
Kei te puku o Te Ika-a-Māui te rohe whenua o Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Kapi te moana o Taupō i te rohe. Ko ōna paenga whenua:
He rahi ngā whānau o Ngāti Tūwharetoa e noho ana ki ngā takiwā o Moawhango, o Te Ara-taumaihi (Bulls), o Tokorangi. Ko te kōrero a te iwi mō tēnei āhuatanga, ‘Ko te tomokanga o te iwi ki te tonga, ki Tokorangi.’
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā hapū o Ngāi Tūwharetoa ki ngā huinga e rua ka whai iho nei:
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Ahakoa whakapapa tonu mai ai a Ngāti Tūwharetoa i Te Arawa, he motuhake ana whakahaere i ngā whakahaere o ngā hapū o Te Arawa.
I te taenga mai o Te Arawa i Hawaiki, ka ū te waka ki Maketū. Ka tipu he raruraru i waenganui i a Tamatekapua rāua ko Ngātoroirangi te tohunga ahurewa, me te aha, ka wehe atu a Ngātoroirangi ki te rapu whenua ki uta. Koianei ngā whenua o Ngati Tuwharetoa i ēnei ra.
Heke ai te tohunga nei me tana iwi mā te takutai ki Matatā i te pūaha o te awa o Tarawera. Ko te ingoa tūturu o te awa nei ko Te Awa-a-te-Atua, hei whakanui i a Ngātoroirangi.
Nō te wehenga o Ngātoroirangi i Maketū, ka wehe atu anō a Tia mā te awa o Kaituna haere ana ki Rotorua. Kei tētahi wāhi i reira, i pā noa a Tia ki te tūpāpaku o tētahi rangatira. He tino tapu te tūpāpaku rangatira. Mā te tohunga rā anō e tango te tapu i runga i a Tia; nā reira kīia ai taua wāhi i unuhia te tapu i runga i a Tia, ko Te Horohoroinga-nui-a-Tia. Nō muri whakarāpopotongia ai taua ingoa ki a Horohoro.
Ka ahu atu a Tia ki te uru kia tae ki te awa o Waikato. Nā tana kite i te paruparu o te wai, ka mohio he tangata kei mua i a ia e haere ana. Ka whakaingoatia taua wāhi ko Ātiamuri. Nā tōna hiahia kia tūtaki ki te hunga nei, ka whāia e Tia. I Wairākei ka tae a Tia ki tētahi tāheke ka tapaina e ia ko Aratiatia. I tōna taenga ki te moana o Taupō, ka pōuri a Tia i te mea kua tau kē te noho o Ngāti Hotu, tētahi iwi nui, ki reira.
Kātahi ka huri a Tia mā te taha rāwhiti o te moana kia tae ki Hamaria. Nō tana taenga atu ki reira ka kite a ia i te ōrite o ngā pari o taua wāhi ki tōna pūeru taupō, ka tapaina e ia te moana ko Te Taupō-nui-a-Tia.
I taua wā tonu, e haere ana a Ngātoroirangi mā Te Awa-a-te-Atua ki te roto o Tarawera. Kia kake ia i te maunga o Ruawāhia ka titiro ki te tonga, e ko Tauhara. Ka hiahia a ia ki te kake i taua maunga ki te whakatū tūāhu ki ngā atua, kia pai ai tana haere i te whenua.
I Tauhara, ka kite a Ngātoroirangi i a Tia e huri ana i te moana. Ka whiua e ia tana taiaha ki ngā wai, ko tana taunaha tērā i te moana me ngā whenua i ōna tahatika. Kātahi ka whai ia i a Tia. I a ia ka haere, ka whakatūria e Ngātoroirangi he tūāhu i runga i te huarahi hei pou i tōna mana ki te whenua.
Kia tae ki Motutere, e tū whakarehu mai ana te maunga o Tongariro. Ka hiahia a ia ki te piki. Nō tana taenga ki te pūtake i Rangipō, ka tūtaki a ia ki a Hape-ki-tuarangi me tōna iwi. Ka karakia a Ngātoroirangi, ka mate a Hape me tōna iwi.
Heoi ko Ngātoroirangi tonu i tata mate i te mātao i tana kakenga i te maunga. Ahakoa te ngenge me te makariri o tōna tinana, ka eke tonu a ia ki te tihi. Ko tana kokoraho tērā i ngā papatahi kei raro mō ōna uri whakaheke. Ka taunahatia e ia ngā whenua e mōhiotia nei i ēnei rā ko te rohe o Ngāti Tūwharetoa.
Nā tana kaha makariri, ka karanga atu a ia ki ana tuāhine ki a Kuiwai rāua ko Haungaroa i Hawaiki, kia tukua mai he ahi hei whakamahana i a ia: ‘Kuiwai e, Haungaroa e, ka riro au i te tonga, tukua mai he ahi!’ Koinei te takenga mai o te ingoa o Tongariro.
E ai ki te kōrero, o ngā kete e toru i tonoa e Ngātoroirangi, kotahi anake i tae. Ko tētahi i tau ki Whakaari i Te Tai Rāwhiti, ko tētahi i riro i ngā iwi o Waiotapu. Ka riri a Ngātoroirangi nā te mea kotahi anake te kete i tae ki a ia, ka whiua e ia te kete ki te taha o te maunga. Tapaina ai te wāhi ko Ketetahi.
Ka hipa te wā, ka hiahia a Ngātoroirangi kia kite i tōna iwi o Tainui. Heoi ka kī a Hoturoa ki a ia, i te mea i heke a ia ki Aotearoa mā runga i a Te Arawa, koirā kē tōna waka. Ka pōuri a Ngātoroirangi i tēnei kōrero, ka haere kia noho ki te moutere o Mōtītī i Te Moana-a-Toi.
Tapaina ai a Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki a Tūwharetoa, he tipuna i ora i te rau tau 1500. I Kawerau tōna kāinga. He toa, he tohunga whakairo a Tuwharetoa. He tangata roa, he tanga purotu, he koi hoki te hinengaro. I tana tamarikitanga, raru katoa ai ana kaiako nā te koi o tōna hinengaro.
Nō ngā iwi tōmua o Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi ōna here i te taha ki tōna whāea. Ki te taha ki tōna matua, ka whakapapa a Tūwharetoa ki ngā rangatira o Te Arawa me Mataatua.
Kia tū tangata a Tūwharetoa, kua pakari kē ōna pūmanawa rangatira. Ka taumaua a ia ki a Paekitawhiti, he puhi. Ka whānau mai tā rāua tamāhine a Manaia-wharepū me tā rāua tama a Rongomai-te-ngāngana.
He takawaenga anō a Tūwharetoa ki ngā iwi noho tata. Nō tana haerenga ki roto o ngā iwi o Te Whānau-a-Apanui me Ngāi Tai ka tūtaki a ia ki a Hinemōtū, he wahine ātaahua. Ahakoa tana taumau ki tētahi atu, ka moe tonu rāua ko Tūwharetoa. Nō tā rāua taenga ki te pā o Māwaketaupō, te matua o Tūwharetoa, ka manaakitia tā rāua moenga e te iwi. Tokowaru ngā tamariki a Tūwharetoa rāua ko Hinemōtū. Ahakoa tōna wehenga atu i tōna kāinga, whakanuia tonuhia ai a Hinemōtū e tōna iwi. Ka tapaina e tōna iwi tētahi toka kei te awa o Mōtū, ki tōna ingoa.
Kia hipa ngā tau, ka moe a Tūwharetoa i a Uiraroa; tokorima ā rāua tamariki.
He tangata a Tūwharetoa i nui te manakotia e ngā iwi, me kī e ngā wāhine. Tērā te wā i tētahi o ana haerenga, ka tūtaki a Tūwharetoa ki a Rangiuru te wahine a Whakaue-kaipapa. Kaha te hiahia o Rangiuru ki a Tūwharetoa. Nāwai, ā, ka moe rāua, ka whānau mai tā rāua tama, ko Tūtānekai. Kia pakeke a Tūtānekai ka hau te rongo mō tōna rangatiratanga. Ka moe ia i a Hinemoa, te wahine pūrotu o Te Arawa.
Kia kaumātua rawa ia, ka mate tara whare a Tūwharetoa ki tōna pā i Waitahanui. Ka moe anō a Uiraroa i a Awanuiarangi kia puta ki waho ko Rongo-tangi-awa, nāna ko Rongomainohorangi, nāna ko Te Rangihouhiri, te tipuna taketake o Ngāi Te Rangi ki Tauranga Moana. Koinei te hononga ki ngā iwi o Whakatāne me Tauranga.
I te wā i a Toi te kaihōpara, e noho ana te iwi o Maruiwi ki ngā rohe o te puku o Te Ika-a-Māui, atu i Tāmaki ki Te Moana-a-Toi me Heretaunga. Ka panaia rātou kia rere ki waho o te rohe.
Ka wehe a Maruiwi, ka tū ki Kawerau mō tētahi wā. Ka riri ngā tama a Tūwharetoa ki a rātou. Ka kī atu a Tūwharetoa ki ana tama kaua e kuhu ki te riri me te iwi nei. Hauware atu. Ka whāia te iwi rā e ngā tama a Tūwharetoa. Ka tūtaki, ka pakanga rātou ki Kākātarahae, ka patua Tūwharetoa. Nui ngā rangatira i hinga, i mauheretia rānei i taua pakanga. Ko Rongomai-te-ngāngana, tama a Tūwharetoa tētahi i mate. Ka putua ngā mate o Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki te taha o tētahi rākau kīia ai ko Ōwhakatihi.
I ora te tama tuarua a Rongomai-te-ngāngana, ka rere ki Taupō. Nō muri, ka hurihia tōna ingoa ki a Whakatihi, hei maumaharatanga ki tōna matua. He ingoa nui a Whakatihi i roto i a Ngāti Tūwharetoa.
Nō te taenga atu o Ngātoroirangi rāua ko Tia ki te rohe o Taupō, ko Ngāti Hotu te iwi. He whero ngā makawe o tēnei iwi, kīia ai rātou he ‘urukehu’.
Ka whawhai rā a Ngāti Hotu kia puritia ō rātou whenua. Ko Tūrangitukua, ko Waikari ko Ruawehea ngā rangatira o Ngāti Tūwharetoa i taua wā. Ka hinga a Ngāti Hotu i a Ngāti Tūwharetoa me ana haumi mai Kawerau i raro i a Tūtewero. Kua pou te mana o Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki Taupō.
I whawhai ngā hapū o Ngāti Tūwharetoa i roto i ngā tau, tae rawa ki te rau tau 1800. He tūranga nui ō Ngāti Whiti, Ngāti Apa, Ngāti Tama i te hītori o Ngāti Tūwharetoa.
He rangatira tahi a Te Rangiita rāua ko tana tama a Tamamutu. He takawaenga, nā raua i pou te mana o te iwi ki te rohe. Heoi nā Rangituamātotoru, te mokopuna a Tamamutu i whakatakoto te tauira ariki mō te iwi.
He uri a Horonuku nō Herea. Nā tana kaha whakapono ka whānau mai tana mātāmua he tāne, ka whakatangihia te pūtātara kia whakamōhio i te iwi. Nō te whānautanga mai o tana tamaiti, he kōtiro kē. Nō te whānautanga mai o tana tamaiti tāne e rua tau i muri mai, kāore i whakatangihia te pūtātara – waihoki, tapaina ai taua tamaiti ko Tūreiti.
Ko Herea te ariki tuatahi o te whare o Te Heuheu, nō te paunga o te rau tau 1700. I te hingatanga o Te Wakaiti ki a ia i Pūkawa, ka tū mai a Herea hei ariki o te rohe Taupō.
I tētahi rā, ka haere a Herea mā kia tiki i te tinana o tō rātou huānga. Nā te ururua o te wāhi i uaua te kite i tō rātou uri, kua tipuria hoki a ia e te māheuheu. Whāia, ka tangohia a Te Heuheu hei ingoa mō te whānau.
Ka marewa te whare ariki o Te Heuheu i te huringa o te ingoa o Herea ki Te Rangituamātotoru. Ka tapaina e Rangiaho, te wahine a Herea tā rāua tamaiti ko Te Heuheu anō. Nō muri ka tangohia e Herea a Te Heuheu hei ingoa mōna.
Mate ana he ariki, tū ana ko tana mātāmua hei piki kōtuku.
I ngā rā o tuauri tērā ētahi maunga toa e whā; a Tongariro, a Taranaki, a Tauhara, a Pūtauaki. Ka pakanga ngā maunga nei ki a rātou anō kia riro ki tētahi o rātou a Pīhanga, te maunga pūrotu. Ko Tongariro i toa.
Ka whakaaro ērā o ngā maunga kia wehe atu. Engari kia kakama tonu rātou; whiti ana te rā, ka kōhatu rātou. Ka haere a Pūtauaki ki te rāwhiti ka tae ki Kawerau. Kāore noa iho i tawhiti te haere atu o Tauhara, he hurihuri nōna kia mātaki i a Pīhanga; tae noa iho a ia ki tērā taha o te moana. Ka haere a Taranaki ki te uru. Kei te tū tonu a ia ki reira.
I te tekau tau atu i 1880, he rahi ngā kerēme mō ngā whenua i te rohe o Taupō. Nā te kuhu o Horonuku ki ngā riri ki Waikato me tana āwhina i a Te Kooti, ka whakaaro ētahi he take tērā mā te Karauna ki te raupatu i ngā poraka whenua o Taupō. Ka māharahara a Horonuku kei riro te whenua. I te tau 1887, i runga tonu i ngā āwhina a tana hunaonga (a Lawrence Marshal Grace, he kaitōrangapū nō Tauranga), ka takohahia te poraka o Tongariro ki te kāwanatanga. Mā tēnei tikanga, ka kore e taea te maunga te hoko. Koinei te rohe tāpui ā-iwi tuatahi ki Aotearoa.
I te tau 1926, i te wā o te kāwanatanga o Coates ka whakatauhia he whakaaetanga e rāua tahi ko Ngāti Tūwharetoa kia tukua te tūāpapa o Taupo Moana me ōna kautawa ki te Karauna. Hei utu mō tēnei, ka whatia mai tētahi wāhanga o te tahua mai i ngā raihana hī ika. Whāia, ka tū he poari kaitiaki i ngā rawa me ngā whenua o te iwi.
I ngā tekau tau o 1950 me 1960, tū ai Te Kōti Whenua Māori ki Taupō, ki Tokaanu, ki Taumarunui, ki te pokapū i Whanganui. Ka tae ake te kaiwhakawā ki te wāhi kua whakaritea hei whare kōti, ka whakatū i tana kōti. Ka tatari ngā whānau o Tokaanu mō te katoa o te rā kia whai wā kia kōrero i te kōti. Ka heria he kai, ka noho ngā whānau ki te tatari.
Ka pau ngā tau e whitiwhiti kōrero ana te iwi me te kāwanatanga kia whakahokia te tūāpapa o te moana ki te iwi. Nō te tekau tau atu i 1990 ka tutuki tēnei kaupapa.
I ngā rā ki mua, he rahi ngā ika o Taupō me ngā kōawa. Tokowhā ngā momo ika:
Tērā te wā, he tuna kei ngā awa o te rohe. Nō ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau atu i 1900 ka tukua te taraute kahukura (rainbow) me te taraute parauri (brown) ki ngā wai o Taupō. Kāore i roa ka tata kore ngā ika tūturu ki te moana. Kei te pērā te āhua i tēnei wā.
I te 15 o ngā rā o Noema 1926 ka whakaingoatia ngā mema tuatahi o te poari. Inā, ko:
Nō te 24 o Nōema 1926 ka tū te hui tuatahi ki Tokaanu. He mata whānui te titiro a ēnei rangatira, nā rātou ngā tikanga i takoto mō te poari e tōtika ai tā rātou whakangao i ngā rawa a te iwi. He uri ngā mema o te poari o ēnei tau tata nei ki a rātou i te poari tuatahi.
Ka tohutohu te poari i te iwi mō te whakahaere me te whakamahi i ana rawa hei oranga mō ngā whakatipuranga kei te tū ā tōna wā. Ka tirohia ngā mātāpono o te ao ōhanga hei arataki i ngā kaupapa kaipakihi. Ehara tēnei i te huarahi māmā, nā te tawhiti o te iwi i ngā pokapū tauhokohoko. Ka whakatū rōpū kaitiaki te poari ki te tautoko i ngā mahi whakatipu paina. Kei te whakarato āwhina tonu te poari ki ngā kaupapa mātauranga a te iwi.
I te hūnukutanga o ngā tama a Tūwharetoa mai i Kawerau ki Taupō, ka noho ētahi ki Kawerau ki te pupuri i te mana o te iwi ki era takiwā. Ka motuhake te tū a Tūwharetoa ki Kawerau i a Tūwharetoa ki Taupō.
Taka rawa ki te tau 2003 ko Tumu Te Heuheu te ariki o Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Koia te mātāmua o ngā tamariki a Tā Hepi Te Heuheu. Nā Tā Hepi te take, mā te Māori anō āna kaupapa e whakahaere. Nā tōna mana nui, i taea e Tā Hepi te whakakao i te iwi Māori kia hui mō ngā kaupapa nui.
Kei te ngana a Tūmū ki te whakatutuki i ngā mahi a tōna matua, mō tōna iwi, mō te motu whānui. Kua kuhu a Tūmū ki ngā kaupapa tiaki taiao i te ao.
In the New Zealand censuses since 1991, residents of Māori descent were asked to indicate the tribe to which they were affiliated. The figures below show the number who indicated Ngāti Tūwharetoa (including those who indicated more than one tribe), and the regions where they were found in the greatest numbers.
Also shown are the numbers of the tribe living in the major regions at the 2001 census.
Grace, John Te H. Tuwharetoa: a history of the Maori people of the Taupo district. Auckland: Reed, 1992 (originally published 1959).
Scholefield, G. H. Taupo Haurau: incidents of a tribe. Wellington: Harry H. Tombs, 1944.
Waitangi Tribunal. The Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki Kawerau settlement cross-claim report. Wai 996. Wellington: Legislation Direct, 2003.
Waitangi Tribunal. The Turangi township remedies report. Wai 84. Wellington: GP Publications, 1998.
E whakaatu ana i te pae tukutuku nei te mahere turua mō Taupō Moana. He whānui ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me Ngāti Tūwharetoa.
Koinei te pae tukutuku ake o te Poari Kaitiaki Māori o Tūwharetoa. Nō te tau 1926 ka waihangahia.
http://nz01.terabyte.co.nz/ots/DocumentLibrary/NgatiTuwharetoa-Summary.pdf
He kape tēnei o te Whakaaetanga Whakataunga i waenganui i te Karauna me Ngāti Tūwharetoa (Te Moana-Toitehuatahi). E puritia ana te kape nei i te pae tukutuku o te Tari Whakatau i ngā kerēme Tiriti (PDF, 72 KB).