He rangatira pūrotu, he tangata ihu oneone te tipuna a Kahungunu. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi i whakaritea e ia ko te hanga whare, te hanga hāwai, te whakairo, te tārai waka. I ana haere ka moea e ia āna wāhine tokoiwa; ko tōna whakaipotanga i te wahine pūrotu o Te Māhia, i a Rongomaiwahine tētahi o ngā kōrero rongonui rawa o te ao Māori. He maha ngā moenga whai mana a ngā uri o Kahungunu i tū ai ngā hononga ki ngā whānau nui, atu i Tūranganui-a-Kiwa ki Te Wairarapa.
Ko Ngāti Kahungunu te tuatoru o ngā iwi nui rawa ki Aotearoa. Ahakoa karangahia ai he iwi, he tika ake pea kia kīia a Ngāti Kahungunu, he tōpūtanga o ngā iwi me ngā hapū, i heke i a Kahungunu.
Ko ngā wāhanga nui o te iwi ko:
I tua atu i te wāhi mahinga kai, he ara matua, he huarahi nui ngā awa, ngā roto me ngā whanga maha kei te rohe o Ngāti Kahungunu.
Wairoa hōpūpū, hōnengenenge
E kōrero ana te whakataukī nei mō te hūkeri o te awa o Wairoa, ōna ia kōmiro, me te rite o ngā tāngata o konei ki tō rātou awa.
Ko ngā tino pā tautiaki i te rohe o Ahuriri ko Ōtātara rāua ko Heipipi, engari arā anō ētahi atu pā. He maha ngā kāinga kapi ai i ōna taha. Nui te mātaitai me ngā mahinga ika ki Te Whanganui a Orotū. Kei ōna awa, ōna kōawa, ōna repo te mahi a te tuna, te koura wai māori, te harakeke me te raupō. Ko ngā moutere i te hāpua o Ahuriri (nā te rū i hiki i te tau 1931) ngā wāhi hī ika, ko ngā whenua mōmona kei ōna takutai i pai mō te whakatū whare me te whakatipu kai.
Kei ngā tahataha o tēnei roto (i mōhiotia tuatahitia ko Whātuma) e pātata ana ki Waipukurau, ngā mahuetanga o ngā puni me ngā kāinga. He rite te roto o Hātuma ki te ngahere o Ōtāia (he kōhanga kawau) me te awa o Tukituki, arā he takiwā nui mō te mahi kai.
Ko Whakapunake te maunga i mau ai te matau a Māui-tikitiki-a-Taranga i a ia ka hī ake i tana ika nui. E tū ana te maunga nei ki te pito whakateraki rawa o ngā whenua o Ngāti Kahungunu, kei waenganui i a Tūranga me Te Wairoa.
Hei ēnei rā, e tata ana ki te hāpua o Whakakī kei te rāwhiti o Wairoa, ka kitea tonuhia ngā puke e whitu: Ko Tahutoria, ko Takitaki, ko Korito, ko Onepoto, ko Iwitea, ko Tūhara, ko Hikunui. E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho, he tohorā ēnei i hurihia hei puke. Ki a Ngāi Tahu Matawhāiti, he hapū nō Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa, he tapu ēnei hiwi.
Ko Maungaharuru kei waenganui o Te Wairoa me Ahuriri. Koinei te wāhi i whakatauhia ai e Tūpai, tētahi o ngā tohunga tokotoru o runga i te waka Tākitimu, te mauri (he taonga whakairo mai i te rākau) o te manu. Ko te tikanga o te ingoa o ‘Maungaharuru’ ko ‘te maunga haruru ana i te rere o te tini manu’.
E ai ki te kōrero, ko te tihi o Te Mata me ngā puke ki te tonga tae atu ki Kahurānaki, (e pātata ana ki Havelock North) i hangaia mai i te tinana o te tipuna Rongokako, nāna ngā tapuwae nui i waiho ki Kahurānaki, ki Kirihaehae, ki Whāngārā hoki. Ka kitea tōna tinana mehemea ka taraiwa atu i Heretaunga ki te tihi o Te Mata.
Ko te pā o Te Pakake i tū ki Ahuriri. Nō te whakaeketanga o ngā toa mau pū e 2000 o Waikato, o Ngāti Raukawa, o Tūwharetoa, o Ngāti Maniapoto i a ia, ka hinga te pā. He nui ngā rangatira i hinga, a Whakatō, a Pakapaka, a Humenga, a Te Hauwaho me ētahi atu. Ko te ingoa o Te Pakake, hei maumaharatanga i te pakanga nei, e whakarite ana i ngā toa i hinga ki te pakake kua pae ki uta.
Ko Rākaihikuroa te mokopuna a Kahungunu, nāna te pā o Puketapu i whakatū. E 70 ngā tāngata o Ngāti Māmoe i hinga, i a rātou ka pakanga ki a Ngāti Ira. Ko te pā o Puketapu e pātata ana ki Ōmāhu.
Nā te āhuatanga ki te waka tapu o Tākitimu me tōna iwi i puta ai te tuakiritanga o Ngāti Kahungunu.
I tae mai a Tākitimu i Hawaiki, ko tōna kaiārahi ko Tamatea Arikinui. Nō tā rātou taenga mai ki Aotearoa, ka whakatau a Tamatea Arikinui ko Tauranga hei kāinga mōna, ka tukuna e ia te kaiārahitanga o Takitimu ki a Tahu Potiki. Ko Ruawharo tētahi o ngā tohunga nui o te waka, i tau ia ki Te Māhia.
Ka piki a Tākitimu i te awa o Wairoa kia tau ki Makeakea. Kei reira ko te whare tīpuna o Tākitimu e tū ana i ēnei rā. I mahue mai ētahi o ngā uri o Tahu Pōtiki, kīia ai ko Ngāi Tahu o Te Wairoa. Ko Tūpai tētahi atu o ngā tohunga i runga i te waka, ka tau ia ki Te Wairarapa. Mai i konei ka haere a Tahu Pōtiki ki Te Waipounamu, kia tū hei tipuna o te iwi o Ngāi Tahu.
Ko te tama a Tamatea Arikinui ko Rongokako. He tohunga ia, nui whakaharahara āna mawhititanga. I ngā whakataetae i waenganui i a rāua ko Pāoa kia riro a Muriwhenua, ka mawhiti nui ia i te moana me te whenua, ka mahue ōna tapuwae kei Heretaunga, kei Kirihaehae i Mahia, kei te Tapuwae o Rongokako kei te takiwā ki Whāngārā.
Ka whānau mai a Tamatea Ure Hāea, te tama a Rongokako rāua ko Muriwhenua. Ko tētahi o ōna ingoa ko Tamatea-pōkai-whenua-pōkai-moana, nā tana huri taiāwhio i Aotearoa. Ko tēnei wāhanga o tōna ingoa kei roto i tētahi o ngā ingoa wāhi roa rawa o te ao katoa inā:
Taumatawhakatangihangakōauauatamateaturipukakapiki
maungahoronukupōkaiwhenuakitānatahu.
Ko tēnei wāhi e pātata ana ki Pōrangahau. I konei whakatangihia ai e Tamatea tana kōauau ki tana whaiāipo.
Tokotoru ngā wāhine a Tamatea Ure Hāea, he tuahine katoa; ko Te Onoono-i-waho, ko Iwi-pūpū rātou ko Te Moana-i-kauia, hei tamāhine mā Ira rāua ko Tokerauwahine. Ko te tama a Tamatea rāua ko Iwipūpū i tapaina ko Kahungunu.
I whānau mai a Kahungunu (ko Kahu-hunuhunu rānei) ki te pā o Tinotino ki Ōrongotea (nō muri ka whakaingoatia ko Kaitāia). Ka hūnuku tōna matua ki te rohe o Tauranga, te wāhi i tipu ake ai a Kahungunu.
Ko tētahi o ngā wāhine a Kahungunu, ko Ruareretai, he puhi nō Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa. I mua tata i te whānautanga mai o tā rāua tamāhine, ka tīkina e Kahungunu he tīeke hei kai mā tana wahine. Nō te whānautanga mai o tā rāua tamāhine ka tapaa ia ki te ingoa Ruahereheretīeke (ngā tīeke i hereherea i tō rātou kōhanga).
He tangata tāroa, pūrotu a Kahungunu. Ka puta whānui te rongo mō tōna rangatiratanga. He tangata puku mahi, i whakatū kāinga, i keri hāwai hei waiwai i ngā māra, i kohi kai, i auaha whakairo, tā moko, te raranga me te tārai waka. Kōrero ai tōna iwi mōna:
Ko Kahu-hunuhunu he tangata ahuwhenua mōhio ki te haere i ngā mahi o uta me te tai.
Ko tētahi kōrero mōna, i tahuri a Kahungunu ki te kari kōawa mai i Awanui ki Kaitāia, kia taea ai e Ngāti Awa te tō i ō rātou waka ki ngā papatahi mōmona kei reira. Waihoki ka hinga te kaupapa, nā te roa o te wā ki te whakaoti i te mahi, nā te pakaru hoki o nga taputapu nā te pōhatuhatu o te whenua repo.
Nō muri mai ka toko te whakaaro ki a Kahungunu kia haere ki te tonga, ka whakarērea e ia tana wahine tuatahi a Hinetapu me ā rāua tamariki a Tamateaiti rātou ko Haruatai, ko Poupoto. Ka noho a Kahungunu ki Tauranga, ki te taha o tōna matua a Tamatea Ure Hāea mō tētahi wā poto.
I te hopukanga o Pou Wharekura i tētahi pakanga, ka tono tahi a Wekanui rāua ko Kahukuranui, te tama a Kahungunu mōna. Kia kore ai e tutū te puehu, ka moea a Pou Wharekura e Kahungunu hei wahine māna. E ai ki te kōrero, nā Pou Wharekura tonu te tono ki a Kahungunu ko ia hei wahine māna, he pai ake ki a ia kia maimoatia ia e te koroua, tē mauhereherea e te tamariki.
I Ōtira ka kapohia noatia e ia ētahi ika e haohia ana ki tātahi. Ka kite tōna tuakana a Whaene i tana mahi, kātahi ka whiua atu e ia te tāmure ki a Kahungunu kia werohia tōna ringa e te tara o te ika. Whāia, nō te whānautanga mai o te tama a tōna huānga a Haumanga, ka whakaingoatia e Kahungunu ko Tūtāmure (he mea wero e te tāmure) hei maumaharatanga mō taua āhuatanga.
Ka nuku a Kahungunu ki Whakatāne, ka moe i a Waiarai, kia puta ko Pō Tirohia. Ka nuku anō a Kahungunu ki Opotiki ka noho i te taha o tōna whanaunga o Haumanga. I reira ka uru ia ki tētahi pakanga ki ngā iwi o Rotorua; i karangahia te pakanga nei ko Te Awhenga.
I a ia ka haere whakatetonga, ka tūtakina, ka moea e Kahungunu te tokomaha o ngā wāhine, i puta ai te tini o ana tamariki.
I tōna kaumātuatanga, ka moe a Kahungunu i tētahi puhi, ko Pou Wharekura, he mea hopu ki te pā o Kaiwhakareireia. Ka puta tā rāua tamāhine ko Ruatāpui.
Whānui te rongohia o te korero aroha mō Kahungunu rāua ko Rongomaiwahine.
I tae te rongo ki a Kahungunu mō te ātaahua me te arikitanga o Rongomaiwahine. Hāunga, nō tōna taenga ki Te Māhia ka kite ia kua moe kē a Rongomaiwahine i a Tamatakutai. Ka tahuri a Kahungunu ki te whakarata i te iwi o Rongomaiwahine, inā te rahi o te aruhe, i tākaia e ia ki te aka, ka takahurihia i te puke. Nā te nui mārika o te aruhe ka purukatia ngā tatau o te whare.
Kātahi ia ka piki i tētahi puke, ki reira mātaki ai i ngā karoro e ruku ana i te wai; ka whakangungu ia kia rite tana kuku hau ki tā ngā manu kuku hau. Mai i tēra wā kua mōhiotia taua puke ko Puke Karoro. Kātahi a Kahungunu ka haere ki te ruku. Kikī ana ngā ipu ki te pāua hei toha mā ngā tāngata katoa o te pā. Nō tōna pueanga ake i tana ruku whakamutunga, kua piri katoa te pāua ki tōna uma, mīharo ana ngā tāngata.
Nō te whakaaetanga o te iwi o Rongomaiwahine ki a ia, ka whakatika a Kahungunu ki te whakatūtū i te ngangare ki waenganui i a Rongomaiwahine me tana tāne a Tamatakutai. I tētahi pō ka haere huna ia, ka pīhau ki waenganui i te tokorua rā, ka oho ake rāua, ka tohe rāua ki a rāua anō. Aoake, ka haere a Kahungunu i te taha o Tamatakutai ki te tākaro retireti ngaru mā runga waka. Ka riro mā Kahungunu te waka e urungi, ka taupokina e ia te waka i runga i tētahi ngaru nui, ka taka atu a Tamatakutai. Nā te mea kīhai ia i mōhio ki te kauhoe, ka toremi a Tamatakutai.
I tētahi rā ka mea atu a Kahungunu ki a Rongomaiwahine kia whiri i ōna makawe. I a ia e here ana i te tikitiki o Kahungunu ka whati te here. Ka nanao a Kahungunu ki tōna tātua, ka tangohia he harakeke i whakatipuria ki Kawhainui, e pātata ana ki Tauranga. Kia mutu te whakangohengohe i te harakeke ki te wai, ka oti te here a Rongomaiwahine i tōna tikitiki. Kātahi a Kahungunu ka tū, ka anga whakateraki me tana kī:
E te pūtiki wharanui o Tamatea i mahue atu rā i runga o Tauranga.
Nā tēnei kōrero, ka mārama a Rongomaiwahine rātou ko tōna iwi ko wai ake a Kahungunu. Ka moe pūmau rāua, ka noho rāua ki Maungakāhia, te pā i Te Māhia, ka mate a Kahungunu ki konei.
He rahi ngā uri o Rongomaiwahine kei Te Māhia e pūmau ana ki tō ratou Ngāti Rongomaiwahinetanga, kāpā ki te Ngāti Kahungunutanga: ko tō rātou e whakapono ai, he rangatira ake te whakapapa o Rongomaiwahine i tō Kahungunu.
Ka noho a Kahungunu rāua ko Rongomaiwahine ki Maunga-a-Kāhia (Maungakāhia), te pā i whakatūria e Kahungunu ki Nukutaurua. Tokorima ā rāua tamariki: ko Kahukuranui (he tama) rātou ko Rongomaipāpā (he tamāhine), ko Tamatea-kōtā (he tama), ko Māhakinui (he tama), ko Tauheikurī (he tamāhine).
Kotahi anake te whakaekenga o Maungakāhia. Tērā tētahi wā ka whakatika a Tūtāmure, a Tamataipūnoa (ngā tama a Haumanga, te uri o Kahungunu) me ā raua toa e 500 te rahi mai i Ōpōtiki ki Te Māhia. He pā ikeike, he pā kaha a Maungakāhia, ahakoa tērā, ka whakapaeangatia te pā e Tūtāmure rāua ko Tamataipūnoa. Nō te kitenga kei te kino te pakanga, ka tonoa e Kahungunu tana tamāhine mātāmuri a Tauheikurī kia mōhio ai ko wai e taki ana i te taua. Ka tū a Tūtāmure ka kī:
Ranga ranga te muri, ka tutū te ngaru o te moana ko au tenei ko Tūtāmure.
Hei reira ka mōhio a Kahungunu ko te tama a tōna huānga tērā. Ka tonoa e ia a Tauheikurī hei wahine mā Tūtāmure. I te mea kīhai ia i mōhio ko wai a Tūtāmure, ka tūturi a Tauheikurī ki mua kē i te mea pūrotu, i a Tamataipūnoa, ka tukuna te meremere, a Titingāpua ki a ia. Nō konei, ka haere a Tūtāmure kia tiro i tōna āhua i tetahi hōpua wai kei te ākau kei mua o Maungakāhia, ka mōhio ia, he pūrotu ake tana teina i a ia. Mai i taua wā kua mōhiotia taua hōpua wai ko Te Wai Whakaata a Tūtāmure. Ka tohu a Tūtāmure ki tana teina kia whakaaehia ngā koha – te meremere me te whakapākūhātanga ki a Tauheikurī. Nā wai ā, ka haere a Tauheikurī rāua ko Tamataipūnoa ki te rohe o Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa noho ai. Tokorua ā rāua tamariki, ko Tawhiwhi rāua ko Māhaki. Ka hua ake ko Māhaki te tipuna o Te Aitanga a Māhaki.
Ko te pā o Ōmaruhakeke kei tua tata o Marumaru i whakaeketia e tētahi taua nō Te Kaha. Ko Apanui te rangatira. Ka hinga te pā. I mua o tōna patunga, ka umere a Kōtore te rangatira o te pā, ‘E hoa, ko te weriweri ai ka takoto ai au ki roto ki tō puku!’ Ka pātai a Apanui kei hea he tāne pūrotu ake i a ia, ka kite a Kōtore i āna ake tama, a Umurau rāua ko Tamahikawai e arahina ana ki a Apanui kia patua. Ka whakautu a Kōtore, ‘Arā, kia pērā me ngā tukemata nui o Kahungunu e arahina mai rā.’ Nō muri mai ka mōhiotia ai a Tapuwae, te mokopuna a Kōtore, rātou ko tōna wahine me ōna uri ko Ngā Tukemata nui o Kahungunu. Nō muri mai ka ūhia te ingoa ki ngā uri katoa o Kahungunu.
Ko Te Huki e ora ana e ono whakapaparanga i muri mai i a Kahungunu rāua ko Rongomaiwahine. I ōna rā, koia te rangatira nui o te whenua kei waenganui o Waihua me Mōhaka. Nā roto i āna mārenatanga me tana whakanoho i ana tamariki ki ngā wāhi atu i Tūranganui-a-Kiwa ki Wairarapa, ka tū āna hononga tangata wā roa i kīia ko Te Kupenga a Te Huki.
Tokotoru ngā wāhine a Te Huki arā ko:
Noho tonu ai ngā wāhine a Te Huki ki waenganui i ō rātou ake iwi, he wā anō ka huri haere ia kia kite i tēnā, i tēnā o rātou. Ka moe ana tamariki i ngā tamariki a ngā rangatira whai kaha, me te aha, ko ō rātou uri, ko ngā whānau matua o Whāngārā-Tūranganui, o Te Māhia, o Nūhaka, o Te Wairoa, o Heretaunga, o Pōrangahau.
Nō te taenga o te Pākehā ki te rohe o Ngāti Kahungunu i te tekau tau atu i 1820, i hoko pū atu ia ki te Māori, i kitea ai ngā kino i pā ki te iwi. Ko Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairoa i whakaekea i te tau 1822 e ngā iwi mau pū o Ngāpuhi, o Hauraki, o Waikato, o Te Whakatōhea, o Tūhoe. E rua ngā tau i muri mai ka noho a Te Wera Hauraki o Ngāpuhi ki Te Māhia hei kaitiaki mō taua iwi.
I te whakaeketanga o te taua mau pū o Ngāpuhi ki te rohe o Te Wairoa ka horo te iwi ki tō rātou pā whakaharahara ki runga o Mōrere, kei te tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Nūhaka. Ka whakapaeangatia te pā e Ngāpuhi, engari nā te nui o ngā kai o te pā, ko te ope taua kē ka rongo i te matekai. Ka tāwaitia a Ngāpuhi e ngā tāngata o te pā, ka whiua ngā para kai ki a rātou, nā reira hua ake ai te ingoa o Moumoukai. Nāwai ā, ka hīkina e Ngāpuhi tana whakapaeanga. I mua i tōna hokinga, ka tono a Pōmare o Ngāpuhi kia tapaina e tētahi tokorua tā rāua tamaiti ki tōna ingoa. Nā reira i hua ake te ingoa o Pōmare hei ingoa whānau ki roto o Nūhaka.
I te tau 1830 ka neke te nuinga o ngā tāngata o Ngāti Kahungunu e noho ana ki Ahuriri ki Te Māhia e puta ai ō rātou ihu i ngā whakaeketanga o tētahi taua nui rawa o Waikato, o Ngāti Raukawa, o Ngāti Tūwharetoa, o Ngāti Maniapoto.
I mauhereherea a Te Hāpuku o Ngāti Whatuiāpiti me Ngāti Kahungunu ki te pā o Te Pakakē; waihoki ka puta tōna ihu ki Te Māhia. I te tau 1835 ko Te Hāpuku tētahi o ngā rangatira i waitohu i te Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Niu Tīreni, i hainahia te tuhinga nei e ētahi rangatira mai ngā iwi.
Kia tae ki te tekau tau atu i 1830 kua tūtū kē ngā teihana patu tohorā kei Te Mahia, Te Wairoa, Tāngōio, Pētane-Heipipi me Cape Kidnappers. Ko te nuinga o ngā teihana patu tohorā nei i runga i ngā whenua i rīhitia e te Māori. I taua wā anō, kua tīmata te hokihoki a ngā tāngata o Heretaunga ki ō rātou kāinga tipu.
Nā Te Hāpuku te Tiriti o Waitangi i haina i te tau 1840 mō Ngāti Kahungunu. Ko tētahi atu tangata i haina ko Mātenga Tūkareaho o Te Wairoa. Tērā pea he tāngata tokotoru atu nō Ngāti Kahungunu i haina. Kia tae ki te tau 1851 kua taunga a Ngāti Kahungunu ki te mahi me te hoko kai pēnei i te witi, te kānga, te hua rākau, ngā hua whenua, te poaka, te rīwai. Kua tau kē te noho a ngā kaitiaki kararehe Pākehā ki Te Wairarapa, e tīmata ana tā rātou neke kia tata haere ki Ahuriri. I te tuatahi i te kuhu ratou ki ētahi rīhi whenua kāore i whai mana ā-ture.
Ko te whakataukī a ‘Heretaunga haukū nui’ e kōrero ana mō te whenua parahua, mōmona kei te taha tonga-mā-uru o Heretaunga. He nui ngā arawai me ngā repo kī ana i te kai, i te aha noa. Nō te keringa o ngā repo e te Pākehā mō te ahuwhenua, ka kitea te tino mōmona o te one.
Kia tae ki te tau 1859, e 1,404,700 ngā eka (568,462 heketea) i hokona e te Kāwanatanga mai i a Ngāti Kahungunu i Te Matau-a-Māui; he tinihanga ētahi o ngā hokohoko. Kei waenganui i te 3,000 ki te 4,000 eka whenua (1,200 – 1,600 heketea) i te pupuritia tonutia e ngā Māori e 3,500 te nui. Ka nui haere ngā whakahē ki ngā mahi hoko whenua; kia tae ki te tekau atu i 1870 kua tū Te Rōpū Whakahētanga Hoko Whenua (Repudiation Movement) ki te whakahē i ngā hokonga whenua katoa.
Kia tae ki te wā o te rū i Ahuriri i te tau 1931, he maramara whenua noa i ngā ringa o ngā hapū tokowhitu o Te Whanganui a Ōrotu. Nā te rū te whenua i hiki i te hāpua o Ahuriri. Ka tangohia nga moutere e ono kei te hāpua ki raro i te Public Works Act, kore rawa he utunga. I roto i ngā tau e 40 ka ngaro katoa ngā tika me ngā whenua o ngā hapū.
Ko Pāpāwai tētahi kāinga e pātata ana ki Hūpēnui (Greytown) ki te rohe o Kahungunu ki Te Wairarapa. He wāhi whakahirahira ia nō te iwi i ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau 1800. I te tekau tau atu i 1860 ka whakaakongia ki konei e te tohunga e Te Mātorohanga ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā tikanga tawhito o Ngāti Kahungunu. I tuhia e Hoani Whatahoro Jury ēnei kōrero me ngā akoranga a tērā atu tohunga o te rohe o Te Wairarapa, a Nēpia Pōhūhū. I muri mai ka tāpirihia atu e tētahi rangatira nō Te Wairarapa e Tamahau Mahupuku āna kōrero ki ngā tuhituhi. Koia tētahi o te hunga whāngai kōrero ki te kaimātai momo tangata a Percy Smith.
Ko te paremata Māori arā, Te Kotahitanga, i hui ki Pāpāwai i te tau 1897. I tino kaha te kaupapa o Te Kotahitanga ki te rohe o Te Wairarapa ka mutu ka tū anō ngā hui ki te marae o Waipatu ki Heretaunga i te tau 1892 me te tau 1893.
I te tau 1857, ka kohaina e te iwi o Te Aute ngā whenua e 1,745 eka (700 heketea) te rahi hei whakatū kura hei whakaako i ngā tamariki Māori. I roto i ngā tau, kua whakaakongia e te kura o Te Aute me te Kura Kōtiro Māori o Hukarere te tokomaha o ngā kaiārahi rongonui rawa o te ao Māori. Nō te tau 1897 ka whakatūria e ngā ākonga o Te Aute ‘Te Kotahitanga o Ngā Tamariki o te Kareti o Te Aute’. Nō muri mai ka whakatūria e ngā tauira tawhito o Te Aute ko te Rōpū Taitamariki Māori (Young Māori Party).
He maha ngā nūpepa kua puta i a Ngāti Kahungunu hei whakamōhio i ngā whakaaro me ngā āwangawanga o rātou ngā uri. Ko ētahi o ēnei tānga tuhituhinga ko:
Ko Te Reo Irirangi o Kahungunu e tū ana ki te Whare Takiura o Kahungunu (Eastern Institute of Technology) kei Te Matau-a-Māui. Nō te tau 1988 whakatūria ai te reo irirangi. Ko Sandy Adsett o Ngāti Kahungunu tētahi pūkenga toi e mōhiotia whānuitia ana i te ao; koia te kaihautū o te ura toi Māori o Toimairangi, kei Heretaunga. Kua tae rā anō te Rōpū Kanikani Toi o Kahurangi (Te Kahurangi Māori Dance Theatre) o Heretaunga ki Amerika ki te Raki, ki reira whakaatu atu ai i ā rātou mahi.
Ko Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi Incorporated te kaitiaki i ngā kaupapa whanake me ngā hiahia o te iwi puta noa, tae noa ki ngā take tōrangapū. E ono ōna rohe taiwhenua, tae atu ki ngā taura here ki ngā tāone pēnei i a Tāmaki-makaurau me Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ngā wāhi kei reira e noho ana te tini o te iwi.
Hui katoa e 86 ngā marae ki te rohe o Kahungunu. Ko ētahi karekau he whare, ko ētahi kua koroua ngā whare, engari ka tū tonu hei marae. Ko te nuinga o ngā marae kei waenganui pū i ō ratou hapori. Hāunga tērā, he maha ngā whare hōu kua whakatūria ki runga i ngā marae, he tohu ki te mea e kaha tonu ana a Ngāti Kahungunu ki tō rātou ake rohe.
In the New Zealand censuses since 1991, residents of Māori descent were asked to indicate the tribe to which they were affiliated. The figures below show the number who indicated Ngāti Kahungunu (including those who indicated more than one tribe), and the regions where they were found in the greatest numbers.
The only previous census asking Māori to indicate tribal affiliation – but not of multiple tribes – was that of 1901.
Ballara, Angela. Iwi: the dynamics of Māori tribal organisation from c. 1769 to c. 1945. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1998.
Buck, Peter. The coming of the Maori. Wellington: Maori Purposes Fund Board/Whitcombe & Tombs, 1949.
Halbert, R. W. Horouta: the history of the Horouta canoe, Gisborne and East Coast. Auckland: Reed, 1999.
Keene, Florence. Tai Tokerau. Whāngārei: F. Keene, 1986.
Mitchell, J. H. Takitimu. Christchurch: Kiwi, 1997 (originally published 1944).
Waitangi Tribunal. Te Whanganui-a-Orotu report. Wai 55. Wellington: Brooker's, 1995.
Wright, Matthew. Havelock North: the history of a village. Hastings: Hastings District Council, 1996.
http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/Gallery/Mauhupuku/mahupuku.htm
Kei tēnei pae tukutuku ko tēnei whārangi o ngā kōrero me ngā whakaahua o te tohu maumaharatanga i te pā o Pāpāwai ki te rangatira o Ngāti Kahungunu a Hāmuera Tamahau Mahupuku.
Ngā korero mō Ngāti Kahungunu, ngā mahere whenua, ngā tāngata, me ngā whakakitenga.
http://www.library.mstn.govt.nz/history/papawai.html
Ngā kōrero me ngā whakaahua e pā ana ki a Pāpāwai, te wāhi o te paremata Māori, kei runga i te pae tukutuku o Te Whare Pukapuka ā-Rohe o Whakaoriori me Te Pūranga o Wairarapa.
http://maaori.com/whakapapa/hononga.htm
Kei tēnei pae tukutuku i www.Maaori.com tēnei whārangi o ngā whakapapa o Ngāti Kahungunu.
http://maaori.com/whakapapa/tunui.htm
Kei te pae tukutuku Maaori.com te kōrero mō te tipuna a Tūnui.