Nā te rama porehu i te maunga o Te Ramaroa a Kupe i ārahi kia kuhu i te whanga o Hokianga. He maha noa atu ngā maunga tapu e tautoko ana i te whare o Ngāpuhi. He wāhi nui tō Ngāpuhi i roto i te hītori whānui o te Māori.
Ko Ngāpuhi te iwi nui rawa o Aotearoa. Ko te manawa o tō rātou rohe kei waenganui pū i Te Tai Tokerau. Totoro atu ai te rohe ki te taha uru me te taha rāwhiti, atu i te whanga o Hokianga ki Pēwhairangi, kātahi ka ahu ki te tonga ki te pari o Maunganui, tae atu ki Whāngārei. E whai ake nei te pātere e whakatakoto ana i ngā tohu whenua o te rohe o Ngāpuhi:
Te whare o Ngāpuhi
He mea hanga tēnei tōku whare
Ko Ranginui e titiro iho nei te tuanui
Ko Papatūānuku te paparahi
Ko ngā maunga ngā poupou
Pīhanga Tohorā titiro ki Te Ramaroa
Te Ramaroa titiro ki Whiria
Ko te paiaka o te riri, te kawa o Rāhiri
Whiria titiro ki Panguru-Papata
Ki te rākau e tū papata ki Te Tai Hauāuru
Panguru Papata titiro ki Maungataniwha-whakarongorua
Maungataniwha titiro ki Tokerau
Tokerau titiro ki Rākau-mangamanga
Rākau-mangamanga titiro ki Manaia
Manaia titiro ki Tūtāmoe
Tūtāmoe titiro ki Maunganui
Maunganui titiro ki Pīhanga Tohorā
Ko tēnei te whare tapu o Ngāpuhi-nui-tonu
Kei tēnā maunga, kei tēnā maunga āna ake kōrero e hāngai ana ki te whare tapu o Ngāpuhi. Anō nei te maunga o Pīhanga Tohorā he tohorā. He hōpua tapu kei tōna tihi, ko te tāpihapiha o te tohorā tēnā. Ko Te Ramaroa te maunga i whāia e te kaumoana e Kupe kia uru ai ia ki te whanga o Hokianga. Ko Whiria te kāinga o ngā whānau taketake o Ngāpuhi.
He maunga tū tahi a Panguru rāua ko Papata, kei te taha raki o Hokianga; ina pūhia kahatia e te hau, anō he ana hau. Nā te kaha whiu o ngā hau tuauru i te tārua e hono ana i ngā maunga nei, kua piko ngā rākau ki te rāwhiti.
Ko Maunga-taniwha-whakarongorua (te taniwha whakarongo i ngā tai o te uru me te rāwhiti) anake te maunga kei te rohe o Ngāpuhi e taea ai te kite i ngā tai e rua. He tautiaki a Tokerau rāua ko Rākau-mangamanga e tū ana i te pito raki, i te pito tonga o Pēwhairangi. Ko Manaia te tipuna maunga o ngā hapū o Whāngārei, i tapaina ki te ingoa o tētahi o ō rātou tīpuna tawhito. Ko Tūtāmoe te kaitiaki o ngā hapū i te takiwā o te tāone o Tākiwira.
He maunga tapu a Maunganui e tū ana kei waenganui i ngā whanga o Kaipara me Hokianga. Kei reira te takotoranga whakamutunga o ētahi o ngā rangatira nui me ngā tohunga nui o te iwi.
Ko Matawhaorua te waka, ko Kupe te tangata. He wāhi nui tō ngā kōrero nei ki roto i te hītori o te iwi o Ngāpuhi.
Nā te ataata o te rama o maunga Ramaroa a Kupe i ārahi ki roto i te whanga o Hokianga. E ai ki ngā kōrero, ka pā te wehi ki a Kupe nā te kaha tīrama mai o te māramatanga ki taua wāhi, ā, ka whakaingoatia e ia te whanga ko ‘Te Puna-o-te-ao mārama’. Nō te kanapa o te rama ki te raki o te whanga o Hokianga, ka tapaina e Kupe ko Te Pouahi.
Ko Kohukohu, ko Te Pouahi, ko Whānui ngā kāinga kei te raki o Hokianga i nōhia tuatahitia e Kupe. Ko Koutu, ko Pākanae, ko Whirinaki ōna nōhanga kei te taha tonga o Hokianga. I te hokinga o Kupe ki Hawaiki ka kī ia, ‘Ka hoki ahau. E kore ahau e hokianga mai.’ Nō reira te ingoa a Te Hokianga-a-Kupe.
Ka tāraihia anō te waka o Kupe ka huaina he ingoa kē, ko Ngātokimatawhaorua. Ko Nukutawhiti te rangatira o runga te waka. I hoki te waka nei rāua ko Māmari, te waka o Ruanui, ki Hokianga. Ka pae ngā waka nei ki uta, ka whakatūria e ngā rangatira ō rāua whare. Ka oti i a Nukutawhiti tōna whare te hanga, ka whanga mō te otinga o tō Ruanui, kia tākina ngātahitia ai ngā karakia whakatuwhera. Heoi, i te otinga o te hanga o tōna whare, kīhai a Ruanui i tatari i a Nukutawhiti, ka whakahaua wawetia e ia āna tohunga kia tāngia te kawa o tōna whare. Ka karakia ngā tohunga kia puta he tohorā nui rawa atu hei whakahere; ehara, pae atu ana te tohorā ki te one.
Nō te kitenga atu o Nukutawhiti i tēnei āhuatanga, ka whakahauhia e ia āna tohunga kia tākina ō rātou karakia hei pana i te tohorā ki te moana. Nāwai ā, ka pau ngā karakia a Ruanui, ka wehe atu a Māmari me tōna iwi i Hokianga. Kei te maumaharatia tēnei āhuatanga i te ingoa a ‘Hokianga-whakapau-karakia’.
He nui ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te waka o Mataatua me tōna haerenga ki roto o Te Tai Tokerau. E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngā iwi o Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi, nō muri o te kōwhetwhete i waenganui i a rāua ko tōna tuakana a Toroa, ka hoea e Puhi te waka atu i Whakatāne ki te whanga o Ōtākou ki te tai tokerau. E ai ki ētahi kōrero o Te Tai Tokerau, i huri a Mataatua mā Te Rēinga ka pakaru ki te tonga mā Te Tai-hauāuru, tau atu ana ki te whanga o Hokianga; mai i konei ka tōia mā te whenua kia tae ki Kerikeri ā, mā reira ahu atu ki te whanga o Ōtākou.
E kī ana te kōrero i tōia te waka mā te tō waka kei Tāmaki i mua i te haerenga ki Hokianga mā te takutai moana. Ko tētahi kōrero tawhito o Ngāpuhi e kī ana i mātua tae ake a Mataatua ki Te Tai Tokerau i mua i tōna hekenga ki Te Moana-a-Toi.
E ai anō ki ngā kōrero, ko Puhi rātou ko Wahineiti, ko Miru ētahi atu rangatira i runga i te waka o Mataatua. E whakaponotia ana nā Miru te waka i ārahi kia huri taiāwhio i Te Ika-a-Māui. E whakaae tahi ana ngā iwi o Ngāpuhi me ngā iwi o Te Moana-a-Toi kei te whanga o Ōtākou te waka a Mataatua e takoto ana. I te tau 1986. Ka tū te hui whakamaumahara a ngā iwi nei.
Ko Rāhiri te tipuna i takea mai ai te iwi o Ngāpuhi. Whānau mai ana a Rāhiri ki te pā o Whiria ā, hei tamaiti a ia mā Tauramoko rāua ko Te Hauangiangi. He uri a Tauramoko nā Kupe, te rangatira o Matawhaorua, rāua ko Nukutawhiti, te rangatira o Ngātokimatawhaorua. Ko Te Hauangiangi te tamāhine a Puhi, he rangatira nō te waka o Mataatua.
E rua ngā wāhine a Rāhiri. E ai ki ngā kōrero i Hokianga, ko tana wahine tuatahi a Āhuaiti nō Pouērua, e tata ana ki Kaikohe kei te rohe o Taumārere. Nā te tohe a Rāhiri ki āna taokete mō te tipu o ngā hua aruhe, ka whakarerea a Rāhiri e Āhuaiti ki Whiria, ka hoki ia ki tōna iwi. E ai ki ngā iwi o Taumārere i moe a Rāhiri rāua ko Āhuaiti ki Pouērua ka mutu, ko Rāhiri kē i hoki ki Whiria. Heoi anō, e whakaae ana ngā taha e rua i whānau mai tā rāua tama, ko Uenuku.
I muri mai i te wehenga o Rāhiri rāua ko Āhuaiti, ka moe a Rāhiri i a Whakaruru. I noho rāua ki Whiria, ka whānau mai tā rāua tama ko Kaharau.
Nō te pakeketanga o Uenuku ka haere ia ki Whiria kia riro mai te mana whakaheke. I pakanga rāua ko Kaharau, engari nā Rāhiri i hohou te rongo. I tohua e ia ana tama ki te raranga i tētahi taura harakeke roa rawa atu, e taea ai te maunga o Whiria te taiepa.
Ka herea te taura ki te manu aute ka tukuna kia tau ki runga i te rākau pūriri. Ko te whakaingoatanga tērā o Rāhiri i taua wāhi ko Whirinaki. Ka whakarewahia anō te manu aute ki te rāwhiti kia taupae ki te tahatika o te awa o Taumārere. Nā ngā hau o te rāwhiti te manu aute i pupuhi ki Tāhuna, te wāhi e kīia nei i tēnei wā ko Kaikohe. Ka whakatauhia e Rāhiri koirā te paenga o ngā rohe o Hokianga rāua ko Taumārere. Ka whakatau anō a ia, ko ngā whenua ki Hokianga ka riro ki ngā uri o Kaharau, ko ngā whenua o te rāwhiti ki Taumārere ka riro ki ngā uri o Uenuku.
Ka moe a Taurapoho te tama a Kaharau, i a Ruakiwhiria te tamāhine a Uenuku, ka pūmau te taura tangata. Ko te pepeha whakatau i te kotahitanga inā, ‘Ka tū tahi te tuakana me te teina’.
He tuakana teina a Korokoro rāua ko Kairewa; ko rāua ngā tīpuna o ngā hapū tōmua o Ngāpuhi arā, a Ngāti Korokoro me Ngāti Kairewa. Ko ō rāua rohe whenua kei ngā whārua o Pākanae me Whirinaki, kei te taha tonga o Hokianga. Ka moe a Kairewa i a Waimirirangi, tekau ā rāua tamariki. Ka taea e ngā iwi katoa o ngā rohe ahu atu i te raki o Tāmaki te whakapapa ki ngā tīpuna nei. Inā te mana o Waimirirangi, kei ētahi e kīia ana ko ia ‘Te Kuini o te Tai Tokerau’.
Whai pānga anō a Rāhiri ki ētahi atu iwi o Te Ika-a-Māui. Whai muri i te moenga o Rāhiri ki a Āhuaiti rāua ko Whakaruru o Ngāpuhi, ka moe anō ia i a Moetonga, e noho mai rā ōna uri ki te ngahere o Waipoua me te taha tonga o Hokianga. I moe anō a Rāhiri i a Paru, kei ngā takutai mai i Whangaruru ki Whāngārei o rāua uri e noho ana.
Ka wehe a Rāhiri i Whiria kei Hokianga, ka ahu ki Tāmaki-makaurau, ki Te Aroha, ki Whakatāne, ki Te Tai Rāwhiti, ki Te Ūpoko-o-te-Ika, ki Taranaki hoki. He nui noa atu ngā kōrero tuku iho mō tēnei haerenga āna. Kei Tāmaki-makaurau, takiwā ki Remuera, ko Maunga Rāhiri (kua keria katoahia). E ai ki ngā kōrero a ngā iwi o Mataatua ki Te Moana-a-Toi, i noho a Rāhiri ki Kaputerangi, he pā tawhito kei runga ake o Whakatāne. He hononga anō tō Rāhiri ki a Ngāti Rāhiri-tumutumu-whenua (kei Te Aroha) me Ngāti Rāhiri-pakarara (kei Taranaki).
I tau te noho o ngā iwi o Hokianga ki raro i a Ngāi Tūpoto. He mea tapa rātou ki te ingoa o te mokopuna tuarua a Rāhiri (te tama a Taurapoho rāua ko Ruakiwhiria). Nā ngā tama a Tūpoto nā Korokoro rātou ko Kairewa, ko Miruiti, ko Tuitū, ko Tūteauru ngā hapū i ārahi kia toitū tō rātou mana ki te rohe o Hokianga.
Hōrapa atu ai ngā uri o Māhia te teina o Tūpoto, mai i Kaikohe me Pouērua. Hei tauira atu, ko Auha rāua ko Whakaaria ngā tīpuna i ārahi i o rāua ope taua kia whakaeke i ngā whenua i Taiāmai, i Te Waimate, i Taumārere, i Kerikeri, i Paihia; ka whakawhenumia ngā iwi o Ngāi Tāhuhu, o Ngāti Manaia, o Te Wahineiti, o Ngāti Miru. Ko ngā iwi ka noho ki te taha rāwhiti o te rohe ngā iwi tuatahi kia taka ki raro i te ingoa iwi o Ngāpuhi. Nō te kotahitanga o ngā iwi, ka tau te ingoa nei ki runga ki ngā iwi o Hokianga me Pēwhairangi.
Ko tētahi ingoa e mōhiotia ai a Ngāpuhi, ko Ngāpuhi-nui-tonu. E kōrero ana tēnei ingoa mō te tini o ngā iwi, ngā hapū, ngā marae o te iwi nei. I ētahi wā whakahuatia ai te ingoa nei mō ngā iwi o Muriwhenua arā, a Ngāti Kuri, a Ngāti Kahu, a Te Rarawa, a Te Aupōuri, tāpae ko ngā iwi e noho ana i te tonga arā, a Ngāti Wai, a Te Parawhau, a Te Roroa, a Ngāti Whātua; kīia ai rātou he huānga iwi nō Ngāpuhi. Heoi, kia tūpato te whakamahi a te tangata i te ingoa nei, nā te mea ko ēnei iwi he iwi tūturu.
I te wā o ngā tau tōmuri o te rau tau 1700 tae noa ki te wā tōmua o te rau tau 1800, ka whanake ngā iwi o Ngāpuhi ki te rāwhiti ki Kawakawa, ki Te Rāwhiti, ki te takutai o Whangaruru, ka whakawhenumia ngā iwi o Ngāti Mānu, o Te Kapotai, o Te Uri o Rātā, o Ngare Raumati, o Ngāti Wai.
Ka whānui ake te rohe o Ngāpuhi ki te tonga ahu atu ki Whāngārei, ki Kaipara, ki reira whakakotahi ai ki ngā iwi whanaunga o reira pēnei i a Parawhau.
Ko Pēwhairangi te tino wāhi haere ai ngā Pākehā tauhokohoko mā runga ō rātou kaipuke. I mōhiotia a Kororāreka (ko Russell ) mō ngā mahi poro haurangi, kairau, me ētahi atu mahi tūkino. I te taenga mai o te minita Mihinare a Samuel Marsden ki te whanga o Rangihoua i te tau 1814, ka kauhautia e ia te kauhau tuatahi ki reira, ka whakatūria e ia te mīhana Karaitiana tuatahi ki reira.
He wāhi nui tō Ngāpuhi i roto i ngā pāhekoheko tuatahi me te Pākehā. I te mea ko Pēwhairangi te wāhi haere kaha ai ngā kaipuke Pākehā ka rahi atu ngā pū i riro i a Ngāpuhi i tō ētahi atu. Nō te hokinga mai o te rangatira a Hongi Hika i tāwāhi, kātahi ka kino rawa atu; ka hia rau ngā pū i whakahokia mai e ia.
Atu i te 1818 ki 1823 he nui ngā whakaekenga o Ngāpuhi rātou ko ētahi atu iwi o Te Tai Tokerau i Te Ika-a-Māui. Ko te Āmiowhenua o te tau 1821 te ope taua nui rawa o ēnei haerenga, i ahu whakatetonga atu i Kaipara ka eke ki Tāmaki, ka hōu ki te awa o Waikato, kia toro atu ki Te Matau-a-Māui, ā, tae atu ki Te Ūpoko-o-te-Ika. Mā te tai tamatāne rātou hoki atu ai ki Te Tai Tokerau. Nā te mau pū o Ngāpuhi i nui te mate o ētahi atu iwi. Ko ētahi o aua iwi ko:
Ko Ngāpuhi anō te iwi i ārahi i ngā mahi tōrangapū me te Pākehā. Nō te tau 1835 hainahia ai e ngā rangatira e 35 o Te Tai Tokerau te Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Niu Tīreni. I aro nui tēnei whakaputanga ki te rangatiratanga o te Māori i Niu Tīreni. Nō te marama o Pēpuere i te tau 1840, ka tūtaki ngā rangatira o Ngāpuhi ki a Rūtene Kāwana Wiremu Hopihana, ki te Rehirenete Ingarihi a James Busby me te mihinare a Hēnare Wiremu (Te Karu Whā), ki te wānanga i te hainatanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi.
Nā runga i te ārahitanga o ngā rangatira o Pēwhairangi, kāore i manaakitia te tiriti e te nuinga o ngā rangatira heoi, he tokoiti i rata atu, pēnei i a Tāmati Wāka Nene o Hokianga. I te mutunga, nā Hopihana rāua ko Wiremu ngā rangatira ātete i whakarata kia haina i runga i tā rāua oati, ka tiakina ō rātou whenua i ngā Wīwī me ngā tāngata whai nanakia. Nō te 6 o Pēpuere 1840, e 43 ngā rangatira o Ngāpuhi i haina i te tiriti. I ngā marama o muri mai, neke atu i te 100 ngā rangatira o Ngāpuhi i haina i te tiriti.
I 1845 me 1846 ka pakanga a Ngāpuhi ki te Karauna i tā rātou whakaahunga ki te Tiriti o Waitangi, nā te kuhu pokanoa a ngā tāngata whai, me te pēhi o te mana Ingarihi ki runga i ā rātou whakahaere.
Ko Hōne Heke te rangatira Māori tuatahi kia haina i te tiriti i te tau 1840. Kia hipa te wā ā, ka kino ia ki ngā mahi a te Kāwanatanga, ka turakina e ia te pou haki ki Kororāreka. E toru ngā poronga o taua pou haki i ngā tau 1844, 1845. Nō te 11 o Āperira 1845 ka murua te tāone o Kororāreka e ngā taua o Hone Heke rātou ko Pūmuka, ko Kawiti.
I tū anō ngā pakanga ki Puketutu, ki Ahuahu, ki Ōhaeawai, ki Ruapekapeka. Nā tā rāua nukarau i Puketutu, ka ekea e te taua o Hōne Heke rāua ko Kawiti (e 200 te tokomaha) te taua Pākehā e 400 te tokomaha o ngā hōia Ingarihi, ngā hōia tau moana me ngā tūao.
Heoi, ka hinga a Heke ki Ahuahu i ngā iwi o Hokianga e tautoko ana i te Kāwanatanga he mea ārahi rātou e Taonui rāua ko Tāmati Wāka Nene. I tū te pakanga nei ki waenganui i te Māori anake. Tērā pea i whawhai ngā Māori o Hokianga ki a Heke rāua ko Kawiti nā te mea kāore anō rātou kia rongo i ngā kino a te Pākehā kua pā kē ki runga i ngā Māori o Pēwhairangi. Ina rā kātahi anō a Hokianga ka whakatuwhera ki ngā hua o ngā mahi tauhokohoko a te Pākehā.
Ahakoa tēnei ka ara anō ngā Māori o Pēwhairangi, ka hinga anō ngā Ingarihi ki Ōhaeawai, ahakoa te mea, e ono ngā hōia Pākehā ki te toa Māori kotahi. I te pahūtanga o ngā pū repo a ngā Ingarihi, kei roto kē ngā Māori i ō rātou kōruarua e tatari ana; i te whakaeketanga o te taua Ingarihi ka tukuna te waipū, parekura ana te taua Pākehā.
I tū te riri whakamutunga ki Ruapekapeka i te marama o Hānuere 1846, engari kāore i tatū. Ko te whakapae, e 1300 ngā hōia i te taua Ingarihi, e 600-800 ngā toa Māori; kāore i tū te pakanga, ka whakarērea te pā e ngā Māori.
Nā ngā pakanga i Te Tai Tokerau i whakatakoto te tauira mō ngā pakanga ki ētahi atu wāhi o te motu. Ahakoa te kaha o ō rātou pā maioro me te pai o ā rātou rautaki kawe riri, kāore i taea e te Māori te pakanga ki te Pākehā mō te wā roa; he nui noa atu hoki o rātou hōia, ā rātou pū. I āhei ngā Pākehā ki te whakanoho me te whāngai i ō rātou hōia i te pakanga mō te wā roa; engari anō te Māori, me hokihoki ki ō rātou kāinga ki te ngaki māra, ki te tiaki i ō rātou whānau.
Hāunga ngā kī taurangi a te tiriti, he rerekē te āhua ki te whakatū koroni; āta kitea ai tēnei āhuatanga i ngā take whenua. I mua i 1865 ka riro atu i te 72,000 heketea o ngā whenua i Hokianga me Pēwhairangi i te Pākehā; i taea aua whenua te hoko mā ngā kerēme a ngā Pākehā i mua i te hainatanga o te tiriti, mā te rironga atu i raro i te kōrero he whenua tāpiri, mā ētahi atu hokohoko hīanga rānei a te Karauna.
I muri i te tau 1865 neke atu i te 201,000 heketea o ngā whenua o Ngāpuhi i whakawāngia e te Kōti Whenua Māori. I takitahitia ngā taitara whenua e māmā ake ai te hoko a te Karauna me ngā tāngata whai. Kia taka rawa ki te tau 1908, e 61,000 heketea anake ngā toenga whenua kei ngā ringaringa o te Māori e pupuri ana.
Nō te tau 1975 i whakaarahia te take nei e Kahurangi Whina Cooper, he uri whakaheke nō Waimirirangi, i tana ārahi i te hīkoi whenua ki te Paremata. Kia eke a ia ki tōna kaumātuatanga, ka karangahia ia ko ‘Te Whāea-o-te-motu’, mō ana mahi mō ngā tika whenua a te Māori.
I te tau 2001, e 103,000 ngā uri o Ngāpuhi. E 55 ngā marae kei ngā rohe o Hokianga, o Pēwhairangi, o Whāngārei (kaua ko ngā huānga iwi e noho mai rā i Whāngārei, i Kaipara, i Muriwhenua). E 150 ngā hapū o Ngāpuhi.
I runga i ngā kōrero mō te whanga o Hokianga ki te uru me te awa o Taumārere ki te rāwhiti, e kōrero ana te pepeha e whai ake nei mō ngā hapū o Ngāpuhi arā, te tata o ngā hononga, tētahi ki tētahi. He kupu whakarite te ‘puna’ ki ngā uri ka rere ki te tautoko i a rātou anō i ngā wā o te raruraru:
Ka mimiti ngā puna o Hokianga
Ka totō ngā puna o Taumārere
Ka mimiti ngā puna o Taumārere
Ka totō ngā puna o Hokianga.
Nā runga i te nui o ngā whenua Māori i raupatutia me te paheketanga o ngā hapori, o ngā tikanga tuku iho, o te ōhanga, o ngā mahi tōrangapū, tāpae atu ko te hūnuku a te mātinitini kei ngā tāone atu i te tau 1950, e 21,300 anake ngā uri o Ngāpuhi kei te rohe e noho tonu ana i te tau 2001. Neke atu i te 42,000 ngā uri o Ngāpuhi kei te rohe o Tāmaki e noho ana. I tua atu, e 17,000 e noho ana ki ngā rohe o Waikato me Te Moana-a-Toi.
Nā runga i te ārahitanga o te rōpū whakahaere a Te Rūnanga ā-Iwi o Ngāpuhi i Kaikohe, kua rohea te iwi ki tēnā rohe, ki tēnā rohe arā, ko:
Hei tohu ki te nui o ngā uri o Ngāpuhi e noho manene ana ki ngā taone nunui, kua whakatūria e Te Rūnanga ā-Iwi o Ngāpuhi ētahi taura here: Te Taura here ki Manurewa ( Te Tonga o Tāmaki) me Te Taura here o Ngāpuhi ki Waitākere (te Raki me te Uru o Tāmaki-makaurau).
Ko te matapae o te rūnanga, ‘Kia tū tika ai te whare tapu o Ngāpuhi’ mō ake tonu. Ko tā te rūnanga he whakarauika i te iwi kia mahi tahi ai ngā hapū, ngā marae, ngā hapori e hua ai he painga ki ngā uri whakaheke katoa.
Nō te tau 1992 whakamanatia ai te Ture Whakatau Take Rawa Ika, e anga ana tana titiro ki ngā tika a te Māori me te wāhi ki a ia i roto i te ahumahi ika i raro i te Tiriti o Waitangi. I aro te ture nei ki ngā tika a tēnā iwi, a tēnā iwi ki te hī ika i raro i ngā tikanga tuku iho.
Ko ngā take nui rawa atu ki te rūnanga, ko te toha tika i ngā hua o te whakaritenga Ohu Kaimoana, ko te pupuri i ngā kōrero tuku iho a Ngāpuhi, ko te whakahaere i ētahi take ōhanga tērā ka whai hua i te wā roa, ko te tiaki taiao, ko te whakapiki mātauranga hoki.
In the New Zealand censuses since 1991, residents of Māori descent were asked to indicate the tribe to which they were affiliated. The figures below show the number who indicated Ngāpuhi (including those who indicated more than one tribe), and the regions where they were found in the greatest numbers.
The only previous census asking Māori to indicate tribal affiliation – but not of multiple tribes – was that of 1901.
Also shown are the numbers of the tribe living in the major regions at the 2001 census.
Buick, T. Lindsay. New Zealand’s first war. Wellington: Government Printer, 1926.
Keene, Florence. O te raki: Māori legends of the north. Auckland: Paul’s Book Arcade, 1963.
Lee, Jack. ‘I have named it the Bay of Islands’. Auckland: Hodder & Stoughton, 1983.
Sissons, Jeffrey, and others. The puriri trees are laughing. Auckland: Polynesian Society, 1987.
Smith, S. Percy. Maori wars of the nineteenth century. Dunedin: Whitcombe & Tombs, 1910.
Wilson, Ormond. From Hongi Hika to Hone Heke. Dunedin: McIndoe, 1985.
Koinei te pae tukutuku ake o Te Rūnanganui A Iwi o Ngapuhi. Kei roto ko te hītori ā-iwi, ko tētahi rārangi kōrero mō te iwi, ko ngā whakakitenga o te iwi, tae atu ki te āhua o te rūnanga. Tāpiri atu ko ngā pārongo mō ngā paenga whenua ā-iwi, ngā marae, ngā taonga hoko me tētahi puka rēhita mō ngā uri.