He whenua a Tāmaki e kapi ana i te puia wahangū (dormant volcanoes). Kei ngā kōrero tuku iho a tētahi o ngā iwi, i hangaia ngā puia i te wā i tuku ahi a Mahuika ki te whakamahana i a Mataaho, i te mea kua heria ōna kākahu e tana wahine. Arā anō te kōrero e mea ana, nā ngā karakia a ētahi tohunga i tuku ngā hihi o te rā kia kainga te whenua e te ahi.
Ko Tāmaki-makaurau te rohe kei waenganui i ngā ara whakawhiti ki ngā rohe o Te Tai Tokerau, o Waikato, o Moehau, o te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi, ka mutu, he rohe i pakangatia mō ana rawa, ngā taonga kei te whenua, kei te moana hoki. He tokomaha ngā waka matua me ō rātou iwi i noho ki te whenua kei waenga pū i ngā whanga e rua o Waitematā rāua ko Manukau. Ko ētahi iwi kua roa e noho ana ki te rohe; ko ētahi i haere mai, i haere atu; ko ētahi i whakakotahi kia puea ake he iwi hōu.
Nā te tokomaha o ngā iwi kua noho ki te rohe o Tāmaki, he maha ngā kōrero tuku iho mō te ingoa nei. Tērā tētahi kōrero e kī ana, ko Tāmaki te ingoa o te whenua kūiti kei waenganui i ngā whanga o Waitematā, o Manukau. Whāia, ko tētahi kōrero e mea ana, ko te tamāhine a te tipuna a Tāmaki ka moe i a Toitehuatahi, he tipuna taketake nō tēnei motu. Arā anō tētahi kōrero e kī ana, ko Tāmaki he tama nā Maruiwi, he tipuna nō Taranaki. E ai ki ngā iwi o te tonga o Taranaki, ko Tāmaki te ingoa mō tētahi tātai rangatira ka tīmata mai i tō rātou tipuna wahine a Parehuia. Kei ētahi kōrero ka kī ko tēnei ingoa nā te tipuna nei nā Maki, nā tana tamāhine rānei. Arā anō te kōrero, ko te ingoa o Tāmaki i ahu mai i a Kiwi Tāmaki, te rangatira o Te Wai-o-Hua i te rau tau atu i 1700. Ko te kōrero a ngā iwi o Waikato, ko Tāmaki-makaurau te tamāhine a Te Rangi-kia-mata, te rangatira o Ngāti Te Ata, rāua ko tana wahine a Te Huia.
Ko ētahi momo whakahua o te ingoa o Tāmaki ko Tāmaki-nui, ko Tāmaki-makaurau, ko Tāmaki-herehere-i-ngā-waka.
He maha ngā puia kei te rohe o Tāmaki e ngū ana, he maha anō hoki ngā kōrero tuku iho e pā ana ki aua puia. E ai ki tētahi korero, ko te atua a Mataaho i noho ki roto i Te Ipu a Mataaho. Nō te whakareretanga o tana wahine i a ia, i heria ōna kākahu; ka karanga a Mataaho ki te atua a Mahuika. Nō reira i pū mai ai ngā puia o Ngā Huinga-a-Mataaho.
E ai ki tētahi atu kōrero, i hangaia ngā puia i te moenga o Hinemairangi-a-Patupai-a-rehe, nō te pae maunga o Hūnua kei te taha rāwhiti o Tāmaki, ki a Tamaireia, nō te pae maunga o Waitākere ki te taha uru o Tāmaki. Nō te rangatū o te ope taua a Hūnua ki te tiki i a ia, ka aukatia rātou e ngā hihi kaha o te rā, he mea whakaara nā ngā karakia a ngā tohunga o Waitākere. Kātahi ka karawhiua e te tohunga o Hūnua ana karakia, ko te mutunga iho, i pahū te ahi ki te whenua. E whakanuia ana te mahi nei e te ingoa o Te Pakūranga-rā-hihi (te pakanga ki ngā hihi).
Kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi ōna ingoa mō ngā whanga e rua o Tāmaki. E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho a Te Arawa, i tapaina e te tipuna e Tamatekapua te whanga kei te taha raki ki Te Waitematā (he rite nō ngā wai ki te matā). I waiho e ia tētahi kōhatu turua (he momo kōhatu puia) hei mauri ki te takiwā kei konā te tāone o Birkenhead i ēnei rā. E ai ki a Ngāpuhi ko te ingoa o te whanga nei ko Te Wai-o–te-mate, nā te nui o ngā pakanga mō te mana ki taua wāhi.
E ai ki ōna uri, nā Te Arawa te whanga ki te tonga i tapaa ki a Mānuka, nā te pounga o Īhenga i tana pou rāhui ki te whenua e riro ai taua takiwā hei takiwā mōna. E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho a Tainui, i tapaina te whanga ko Te Mānukanuka a Hoturoa, nā te teretere mōrearea o ngā tai me ngā tāhuna. Engari kei te motu whānui e mōhiotia ana ko Manukau, nā te mātinitini o te kūaka, o te tōrea ka tau ki ōna whanga ia raumati.
Ko ngā waka matua i heke i Hawaiki ka tau ki te rohe o Tāmaki, ko Matawhaorua, ko Matahourua rānei, ko Mataatua, ko Tainui, ko Te Arawa, ko Tākitimu, ko Tokomaru.
Ko ētahi o ngā waka nei i whakawhiti i Te Tō Waka, te kūititanga kei waenganui i te awa o Tāmaki me te whanga o Manukau. Koinei te tōnga waka nui rawa atu i whakamahia e te Māori i mua o te taenga o te Pākehā ki Aotearoa – ka tōia ngā waka atu i te awa o Tāmaki ki te whanga o Manukau. Mai i reira ka rere whakatetonga mā te takutai ki Whāingaroa, ki Kāwhia, tae atu ki Taranaki; ka huri whakateraki rānei ki Te Tai Tokerau; arā atu he huarahi arā ma te tōnga waka ki Waiuku, hou rawa ki te awa o Waikato, tuwhera kau ana te Ika-a-Māui. Ko rātou ka puta atu ki Te Waitematā, ka haere whakaterāwhiti mā Moehau, ka haere whakateraki rānei ki Whāngārei. He nui tonu ngā iwi i tau ki Tāmaki noho ai.
Whakaheke mai ai ngā iwi tūturu ake o Tāmaki arā, ko Te Wai-o-Hua rāua ko Te Kawerau-a-Maki i ngā waka tawhito, i a Te Wakatūwhenua rāua ko Te Moekākara, i pae ki Leigh, ki te moutere o Kawau. He maha noa atu ngā iwi kua noho ki te rohe o Tāmaki, ārā, ko Ngāti Awa, ko Ngāti Tītahi, ko Ngāi Tāhuhu, ko Ngā Mārama, ko Ngā Uri o Rakataura, ko Ngāti Huarere, ko Ngā Riki, ko Ngā Iwi, arā noa atu. Kei reira anō ngā kōrero e pā ana ki ngā pakanga a Rautao nō Ngāti Maru rāua ko Kapetaua nō Ngāti Pāoa, a Maki o Te Kawerau-a-Maki, a Kāwharu o Tainui, a Tuperiri o Te Taoū o Ngāti Whātua hoki.
Ko Pāoa te tipuna taketake o Ngāti Pāoa. I heke ia i Ngāruawāhia kei ngā tahataha o te awa o Waikato, kia tau ki te rohe o Hauraki. I reira ka moe ia i a Tukutuku, he uri nō Marutūahu. Nā ōna uri, nā Ruatao he uri nō Ngāti Marutūahu rāua ko Kapetaua nō Ngāti Pāoa te nuinga o ngā whenua o Tāmaki i raupatu i roto i te maha o ā rāua pakanga. He maha ngā pakanga a Ngāti Paoa ki ngā iwi o Ngāti Whātua rāua ko Te Wai-o-Hua o Tāmaki; ko ngā wāhi pakanga ko Mahurangi me ngā awa o Tāmaki, o Whau. Taka rawa ki te wā o te taenga o te Pākehā, ko Ngāti Pāoa te iwi ki Tāmaki, ki ngā rohe o Pārāwai, o te pae maunga o Hūnua, o te taha rāwhiti o Tāmaki, o te moutere o Waiheke, o te takutai e ahu whakateraki ana ki Whangaparāoa.
He iwi whakaheke a Ngāi Tai i ngā tīpuna o Tainui, i a Taihaua, i a Taikehu, i a Te Kete-ana-taua. Ka noho rātou ki Tāmaki i te haerenga o te waka a Tainui ki Kāwhia. Tērā te wā i roto te iwi i tētahi pūnaha tauhokohoko mā te takutai, ka toro ki ngā wāhi atu i Tāmaki, ki Moehau, ki Aotea, ki te takiwā rawa o Ngāi Tai e noho mai rā i te taha rāwhiti o Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi. Taka rawa mai ki ēnei rā, kei te toitū tonu aua hononga. Kia taka ki ētahi whakatipuranga, ka ita anō ngā hononga i waenganui i a Ngāi Tai rāua ko Ngāti Tai, i te heke a Raukohekohe rātou ko Motuitawhiti, ko Te Kawenga, ko tō rātou tira atu i Tōrere ki Tāmaki. E mōhiotia ana taua heke ko Te Heke-o-Ngā –Tokotoru. I a rātou i Tāmaki ka moea tahitia e Raukohekohe rāua ko Motuitawhiti a Te Whakatau, te rangatira o ngā iwi o Te Wai-o-Hua, o Ngāi Tai.
I ahu mai te iwi o Te Wai-o-Hua i ngā waka a Te Wakatūwhenua rāua ko Te Moekākara, i te iwi tawhito o Te Arawa i a Ngā Oho-mata-kamokamo-o-Ohomairangi. Tērā te wā ko rātou te iwi nui ki ngā whenua kei waenganui o Tauranga, o Cape Rodney, takiwā ki Leigh. Nō muri iho ka wehe ngā whaitua e toru o te iwi o Ngā Oho; ko Ngā Oho ki Papakura; ko Ngā Riki atu i Papakura ki Ōtāhuhu; ko Ngā Iwi atu i Ōtāhuhu ki Te Raki Paewhenua. Whāia rawa, ka whakakotahi rātou ki raro i te rangatira i a Te Hua-o-kaiwaka, kia tū mai ko Te Wai-o-Hua.
Kia taka ki te rau tau e 1700, ko Te Wai-o-Hua te iwi matua ki te rohe o Tāmaki. Hāunga, i te tau 1741 ka patua te ariki o Te Wai-o-Hua, a Kiwi Tāmaki ki te pakanga o Paruroa, e Waha-akiaki o ngā iwi o Te Taoū rāua ko Ngāti Whātua. Koianei te wa ka riro i a Ngāti Whātua te mana o te pū o Tāmaki-makaurau.
Heke ai a Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei i te kotahitanga o ngā iwi o Ngāti Whātua, arā, i a Te Roroa rātou ko Te Uri-o-Hau, ko Te Taoū. Heke ai te kotahitanga iwi nei i a Tumutumuwhenua (ko Tuputupuwhenua rānei) i ērā hoki o te waka o Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi. I heke ō rātou tīpuna i Muriwhenua ki te whārua o Waimamaku, ka neke ki te ngahere o Waipoua, ki te whārua o Kaihū, ki te whanga o Kaipara. Ka tae ki aua rohe, ka moe rātou i ngā iwi tōmua ake o taua takiwā. I ngā tau pokapū o te rautau 1700, whai muri i ngā pakanga a Waha-akiaki rāua ko Tuperiri, ka toitū te noho a Ngāti Whātua ki Ōrākei.
Ko tētahi atu o ngā ingoa o te iwi o Ngāti Te Ata ko Te Ruakaiwhare, te ingoa o te kaitiaki o te whanga o Manukau. I nōhia e rātou ngā rohe o Waiuku, o te kūrae o Te Awhitū, o ngā pae maunga o Huia me Waitākere.
I takea mai te ingoa o te iwi i te wahine whai mana i a Te Ata-i-Rēhia, he mokopuna nā Te Hua-o-kaiwaka, te tipuna taketake o Te Wai-o-Hua. I tukuna he whenua ki a ia ki Waiuku mō tana awhi i a Ngāti Kahukoka i roto i ā ratou pakanga ki ētahi atu iwi. I moe a Te Ata-i-Rēhia i a Tapuae, he rangatira nō Tainui. I patua a Tapuae i muri tata i tana raupatu i ngā whenua ki ngā taha o te awa o Waikato mai i Taupiri ki te pūaha o Waikato. Nā tāna tama nā Pāpaka tōna mate i ranaki i te rironga tūturutia o ngā whenua o Waiuku ki te iwi o Ngāti Te Ata.
Ko Te Kawerau-a-Maki tētahi o ngā iwi tawhito rawa o Tāmaki, i whai mana ki ngā rohe atu i te pae maunga o Waitākere, ahu whakateraki ki Cape Rodney.
Ka whakaheke a Te Kawerau-a-Maki i ngā waka o Tainui, o Te Wakatūwhenua, o Moekākara. E ai ki te kōrero, nā tō rātou tipuna tawhito rawa nā Tiriwa te puia o Rangitoto i kawe i te tātahi o Karekare ki tōna tūranga e tū ana ia ināianei kei te moana o Tīkapa. Ko te ingoa tawhito o te pae maunga o Waitākere ko Te Wao-nui-a-Tiriwa. Koinei te pū manawa o te iwi.
E whakapapa ana te iwi nei i ngā tohunga o te waka o Tainui i a Rakataura rāua ko Hape. E kīia ana he hononga ō rātou ki a Te Kawerau, tētahi iwi ka heke i te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi ki Tāmaki.
Ko Maki te tipuna o te iwi o Te Kawerau-a-Maki, i heke i ngā rohe o Tainui, o Taranaki. I riro i a rātou ko tōna iwi ngā whenua kei waenganui o Tāmaki, o Kaipara. I ahu mai te ingoa ā-iwi i te tama a Maki, i a Te Kawerau-a-Maki, nā te kōwhetewhete i waenganui i tōna matua me te iwi o Ngāti Whātua mō ngā māra kūmara (ko te kupu kawerau te kupu mō ngā here o ngā kete kawe kūmara). Nā te mokopuna tuarua o Maki, nā Te Au-o-te-whenua i whai mana ai te iwi ki ngā whanga o Muriwai, o Manukau.
Kino rawa atu ngā pānga o ngā pakanga mau pū i ngā tau 1815 ki te 1840 ki ngā iwi o Tāmaki. Nō te whiwhinga pū o Hongi Hika i āna mahi hokohoko me te Pākehā, i patua kinotia a Ngāti Pāoa e Ngāpuhi ki tō rātou pā ki Mauinaina (Panmure). He nui te iwi i hinga. I patua anōtia a Te Kawerau-a-Maki i te horonga o ō rātou pā ki te tai hauāuru. I te tekau tau atu i 1820, i whakarerea te rohe e ngā iwi ka oma ki roto i te rohe o Tainui.
Tekau mā ono ngā rangatira i haina i te Tiriti o Waitangi ki Waitematā i te 4 o Maehe 1840. Nō te 20 o Maehe, ka hainahia e Āpihai Te Kawau o Ngāti Whātua te Tiriti i te whanga o Manukau. Nō te 9 o Hūrae 1840 i hainahia te Tiriti e ngā rangatira tokowhitu o Ngāti Whātua ki te rohe o Tāmaki. Kia whakaae rawa a Kāwana Wiremu Hopihona ka noho ia ki Tāmaki hei kaitiaki mō te rohe, kātahi anō a Te Āpihai ka haina i te tiriti.
Nā te kaha hohoro o te Pākehā ki Tāmaki i ngā tekau tau o 1840, o 1850, tāpae atu ko te nekehanga o te tāone matua mai i Kororāreka, tino nui rawa te hiahiatia o ngā whenua o te rohe. Kia tae ki te tau 1850 ko te nuinga o ngā whenua pai i hokona e te Pākehā. Hauware atu ngā kupu taurangi mō te wehe i ētahi ‘whenua rāhui’ ki te Māori. Kia tae ki te tau 1860, e 40 ōrau o ngā whenua Māori i Tāmaki kua riro kē. I tua atu, i raupatuhia ngā whenua e 40,500 heketea ki te tonga o Tāmaki ki raro i Te Ture mō te Whakanoho i te Hunga Mārie (New Zealand Settlements Act) o te tau 1863.
Taka rawa ki te tau 1936, ki te toharitea, e whā noa iho ngā heketea mō te Māori kotahi ki te rohe o Tāmaki. Ko ngā whenua o Te Kawerau-a-Maki, o Ngāi Tai, o Ngāti Pāoa ki ngā pae maunga o Waitākere, o Hūnua, i riro hei whakatūnga puna wai whāngai i te tāone o Tāmaki; i te mutunga ka hurihia ō rātou whenua hei whenua rāhui ā-rohe. Nō te tau 1951 i panaia a Ngāti Whātua i tō rātou whenua papa tipu ki te whanga o Ōkahu i Ōrākei. Ka wāhia, ka tahuna ngā whare, ngā wharenui. Taka rawa ki te rau tau 1900 i te riro tonu ngā whenua o Ngāti Te Ata me Te Wai-o-Hua ki te whanga o Manukau. I riro ngā whenua i raro i te Ture mō Ngā Mahi Nunui (Public Works Act), mō ngā mahi pēnei i te waihanga i te taunga waka rererangi o Tāmaki, ngā mahi parakaingaki o Māngere, te mira rino ki Waiuku hoki.
I ēnei rā e ono ngā iwi o te rohe o Tāmaki: ko Ngāti Paoa ki te moutere o Waiheke; ko Ngāi Tai ki Maraetai; ko Ngāti Whātua ki Ōrākei; ko Te Wai-o-Hua/ Ngā Oho ki Māngere; ko Ngāti Te Ata ki Manukau; ko Te Kawerau-a-Maki ki ngā pae maunga o Waitākere.
I waenganui i ngā tau o 1985 me 1987 ka tukuna e te Rōpu Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi ana pūrongo e toru e pā ana ki ngā iwi o te rohe o Tāmaki.
E ai ki te pārongo mō Waiheke, tata ki te katoa o ngā whenua o Ngāti Pāoa i riro atu. Nō te tau 1990 ka whai mana tētahi whakataunga e whiwhi ai a Ngāti Paoa ki te teihana o Ngāti Pāoa, tāpae atu ko tētahi pūtea hei hoko kararehe mai.
Ka āta kōrero te pūrongo a Manukau mō ngā whenua i riro i te whanga o Manukau. Nā te pūrongo, ka puea ake ko te Resource Management Act 1991, e aro nui nei ia ki te titiro a te Māori ki ngā take e pā ana ki te taiao. Ko tētahi atu hua i puta ki ngā iwi o Te Wai-o-Hua me Ngāti te Ata, ko te whakamanatanga i a rātou hei rūnanga kaitiaki mō te whanga o Manukau.
Ko te pūrongo mō Ōrākei i kī, kāore i tika te rironga o ngā whenua o Ngāti Whātua, ka kī anō te pūrongo i hē te pana i a rātou i Ōkahu i te tekau tau atu i 1950. I whiwhi paremata te iwi, ka mutu, he wāhi nui tō ratou ki ngā mahi toi, tōrangapū a ngā Māori o Tāmaki. Kua tae ngā kerēme a Ngāi Tai rāua ko Te Kawerau-a-Maki ki mua i te aroaro o Te Rōpu Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi.
I ēnei rā, e aro ana ngā kaunihera ā-rohe ki te mana o ngā iwi o Tāmaki, me tā rātou kite anō, he wāhi nui tō ngā iwi i roto i ngā nekeneke o Tāmaki-makaurau hei ngā rā kei te tū. Hei tauira, he tūranga nui tō Te Kawerau-a-Maki i te papa manuhiri o Arataki, te kūaha ki te pae maunga o Waitākere.
In the New Zealand censuses since 1991, residents of Māori descent were asked to indicate the tribe to which they were affiliated. The figures below show the number who indicated the Tāmaki tribes (including those who indicated more than one tribe), and the regions where they were found in the greatest numbers.
Barr, John. The city of Auckland, New Zealand, 1840–1920. Preceded by A Maori history of the Auckland isthmus by George Graham. Christchurch: Capper, 1985 (originally published 1922).
Simmons, D. R. Maori Auckland. Auckland: Bush, 1987.
Smith, S. Percy. The peopling of the north. Christchurch: Kiwi, 1998 (originally published 1897).
Waitangi Tribunal. Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Orakei claim. Wai 9. Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal, 1987.
http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/reports/view.asp?ReportID=6E18D794-ADD1-4EAC-88D7-0C4BDBAC08A3
He whakarāpopotonga o te pūrongo a Te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti mō te kerēme a Ngāti Pāoa ki te moutere o Waiheke
http://www.historic.org.nz/magazinefeatures/2001feb/2001_02b_single.html
Ko tēnei kōrero mō ngā māra kōhatu o Otuataua, kei te pae tukutuku a te Historic Places Trust o Aotearoa.
http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/resources/school_info/resourcekitsforschools/orakei.asp
He mea hanga tēnei pae tukutuku e Te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti mā te hunga tamariki kei te kura. He mārama ngā kōrero e pā ana ki ngā whenua o Ngāti Whātua kei Ōrākei.