In the early 1860s Nelson and Wellington, both small port settlements, had similar populations. Wellington became the nation’s capital in 1865, and access to the rural hinterlands of Horowhenua and the Wairarapa also improved, resulting in strong population growth. Nelson meanwhile was not supported by a prosperous rural hinterland, and grew much more slowly.
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Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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Source: Statistics New Zealand
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