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Mātenga, Hūria

by Mary Louise Ormsby

Biography

I whānau a Hūria Mātenga ki Whakapuaka, i ngā takiwā o Whakatū (Nelson) i Te Waipounamu, i waenganui i ngā tau 1840 ki 1842 pea. I tōna whānautanga ka huaina ia ko Ngārongoā Kātene, ēngari ko Ngā Hota tētahi anō o ana īngoa, ā, i muri mai hoki, i mōhiotia ia ko Hūria Mātenga. He uri ia nō Te Āti Awa, nō Ngāti Tama, me Ngāti Toa, i taea hoki e ia te whakapapa mai i a ia i tētahi tupuna o runga i te waka o Tokomaru. Ko tana tupuna ki te taha o tana matua ko Te Pūoho-o-te-rangi, he kaingārahu nō Ngāti Tama, he toa rongonui. Ko te rerekētanga, ko ōna mātua, ko Wikitōria Te Amohau o Ngāti Te Whiti, me Wiremu Kātene Te Pūoho, i aru i ngā akoranga rongomau a Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III rāua ko Tohu Kākahi, ko rāua nei ngā rangatira o te papakāinga i Whakapuaka.

I te tau 1858 he mea whakarite tōna mārenatanga ki a Hēmi Mātenga Wai-punāhau. Kāhore rāua i whai uri, ēngari i whāngaitia e rāua tētahi kōtiro, ko Mamae tōna īngoa. Ko Hēmi Mātenga te tama a Metapere Waipunāhau o Kapiti rāua ko George Stubbs, he kaiaru tohorā, he kaihokohoko; ā, he nui hoki ōna whenua i te rohe o Waikanae. Ko te tūranga teitei o ngā whānau e rua nei i kitea i roto i te tokomaha o ngā rangatira Māori me ngā rangatira Pākehā i hui ki te mārena i te whare karakia o Te Karaiti i Whakatū, i te 7, i te 8 rānei o Hepetema.

I whakahōnoretia a Hūria Mātenga i te tau 1863 mō tana mahi whakaora tangata i aituātia ki te moana. I te pō o te 3–4 o Hepetema, i a ia e haere atu ana i Whakatū ki Ahuriri (Napier), i tūpono te kaipuke Delaware ki te āwhā, ka porowhiua ki runga i ngā toka i raro i ngā pari i Whakapuaka. Waimarie i kitea e Hūria Mātenga, rātou ko tana tāne, me tētahi tokotoru, kua raruraru ngā kaimahi o te kaipuke. Ka haere rātou ki te āwhina. Ahakoa i te taupatupatu ngā kōrero mō ngā mahi i mahia e Hūria, e whakapaetia ana ko ia tētahi i kauhoe atu i te karekare o te moana ki te tiki i te taura i makaia mai e te kāpene o te kaipuke. I whakamaua te taura ki tētahi toka nui i te ākau, ēngari nā te tino kaha o te āwhā, me te aurara o te kaipuke, kāhore te taura i kikī. I kauhoe atu a Hūria Mātenga rātou ko ana hoa tokorua i roto i te karekare o te moana ki te kawe i ngā kaimahi ki uta. Kotahi anake kāhore i ora.

Ahakoa ehara i te mea tauhou tēnei mea te paeārautanga, ā, e pānuitia ana i roto i ngā nūpepa, ko ngā mahi me te tuawahinetanga o Hūria Mātenga i a ia i whakaora ai i te hunga paeārautia, i titi ki ngā hinengaro o te katoa. I whakanuia ia mō tana toa, me tōna ātaahua hoki. I te wā o ngā whawhai i Taranaki me Waikato, ko ngā mahi a Hūria Mātenga mā i kitea, he whakapuāwaitanga i te hononga o ngā iwi e rua. Ko tā te kāwanatanga takoha ki a ia e £50, ā, ko tā te iwi o Whakatū he wati kōura he mea utu nā ngā iwi katoa. I te hui whakanui i te hōro nui o Whakatū i te 14 o Noema, i whakaritea a ia ki a Grace Darling, nāna nei i whakaora tētahi tokowhā i tētahi paeārautanga i waho atu i ngā moutere o Farne i te tau 1838. E toru ngā whakaahua o Hūria Mātenga i panipania e Gottfried Lindauer, ā, he maha noa atu anō ōna whakaahua, ko ētahi nā William rāua ko James Tyree o Whakatū. Kotahi rau tau i muri mai kei te whakanuia tonutia ia: i te tau 1983 i tapaina tētahi waka tō o te Poari Whanga o Whakatū ki a ia.

Ahakoa ko ēnei mahi āna i kitea e te ao Pākehā, he wahine whai mana hoki ia i roto i tōna ake kāinga me ōna iwi. He whenua ōna i Taranaki, i Pari-ā-rua (Porirua) tae atu ki Whakatū. Haere ai ia ki ēnei wāhi ki ngā hui ā-whānau, ki te whakaīngoa tamariki, me te whakarite mārena. I muri mai i te matenga o tana matua i te marama o Āperira 1880, ka whiwhi ia ki ngā pānga whenua i Whakapuaka, 17,739 eka te nui. I whakahētia e Wiremu Kātene te tuku o ngā whenua o Ngāti Toa i Te Waipounamu i te tau 1853, kāhore hoki ia i tango i tētahi wāhi o te £5,000 i utua. I tautokotia e Hūria tōna tū, ā, i muri mai i kīia he wahine kaha ia ki te whawhai, otirā mō ngā kaupapa whenua.

Nā tana kore e pai ki te hoko whenua me te kaha o tana tāne ki te whakatōpū rawa, i taea ai e ia i muri mai te noho rangatira. He mea whakanoho he hipi i runga i te whenua ka rīhitia ki ngā Pākehā. He wahine whai rawa i te wā kua tata ngaro ngā mahi e ora ai te Māori i a ia anō. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka kitea te rerekētanga o tāna momo noho ki tērā o tōna iwi. Ko ngā kōrero o reira i kī ko te kāinga o ngā Mātenga he nui tonu, he nui hoki ngā papa pātītī, ā, he papa tēnehi hoki tō rāua. Whakatūria ai e Hūria Mātenga ētahi hākari nui, i runga i ngā tikanga Māori me ngā tikanga Pākehā. I whakamanuhiritia ngā poropiti a Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu i te tau 1882 i te wā o tō rāua peitanga. Ko ētahi atu manuhiri, ko Pīhopa A. B. Suter me Alexander Mackay, te kōmihana mō ngā whenua rāhui Māori, ā, i muri mai he kaiwhakawā nō te Kōti Whenua Māori, he hoa hoki ia mō tētahi wā roa nō te whānau. Nā runga i tana rongonui he rite tonu te puta o te pōwhiri ki a ia ki ngā hui nui o te rohe.

Mō te 20 o ōna tau whakamutunga i uru a Hūria Mātenga ki tētahi raruraru whenua, he tini ōna āhuatanga, i Whakapuaka. I tukuna mai te mana whenua ki a ia, ēngari i whai wāhi ētahi atu o te whānau ki te noho me te whakamahi i te whenua, tae atu hoki ki te whakarite tikanga mō aua whenua a mua atu. I te tau 1883, ka whakatauhia e te Kōti Whenua Māori ko te whenua, motuhake nō Hūria Mātenga anake. I waenganui i ngā tau 1896 ki 1934, e 15 ngā pitihana whakahē i tēnei whakataunga i tukua ki mua i te aroaro o te Pāremata.

Ko ngā kaipitihana tino nui ko ētahi atu anō o te whānau. I kī rātou i taka a Hūria ki raro i te awe o Hēmi Mātenga, ā, nā Hēmi i whakakorea ai e Hūria tana kī taurangi ka whakamaua e ia ō rātou īngoa ki ngā taitara whenua. I whakaputaina ngā kōrero, arā nā Hēmi rātou i pei atu i ngā whenua. Ko tēnei raruraru te pūtake o tētahi pōuri nui ki a Hūria i a ia ka tata te mate. I haere tonu ngā tautohetohe, me ngā whakawākanga, i muri noa mai i tōna matenga. Nō te tau 1936 rā anō kātahi anō ka tatū te take nui, i te whakawehetanga me te tukunga o te kotahi eka i roto i te whā o ngā eka 11,381 e toe ana i taua wā, ki ērā atu o te whānau. I te matenga o Hūria Mātenga, ka riro katoa i a Hēmi Mātenga ana taonga. Ka noho a Whakapuaka hei whenua Māori tae noa ki te tau 1954.

I mate a Hūria Mātenga ki Whakapuaka i te 24 o Āperira 1909; ka tāpuketia ki reira i te 2 o Mei. Neke atu i te 2,000 ngā tāngata i tae ki te tangi ki a ia. He tauira whakahirahira tōna mana, me āna mahi ki ana uri, ki tana whānau me te iwi whānui tonu. Ko āna mahi tuawahine ki te whakaora i ngā kaimahi o te kaipuke Delaware i tohua ai ia ko tētahi o ngā wāhine Māori torutoru nei o tōna wā, kua whai wāhi tūturu ki roto i ngā kōrero Pākehā me ngā kōrero o tana rohe.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives (New Zealand). 1936, G–6B

    Broad, L. The jubilee history of Nelson. Nelson, 1892

    Peart, J. D. Old Tasman Bay. Nelson, 1937

    Wastney, P. V. & N. L. Wastney. Early tide to Wakapuaka. Nelson, 1977


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Mary Louise Ormsby. 'Mātenga, Hūria', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1m24/matenga-huria (accessed 5 May 2024)