Types of fossil spores and pollen. Left, top, spore of the large black tree-fern, Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz, found from the Upper Pliocene to the present day; bottom, spore (type specimen) of Osmundacidites wellmanii Couper, a fern, Jurassic to Cretaceous. Right, top, pollen of Nothofagus cranwellae Couper, beech no
Types of fossil spores and pollen. Left, top, spore of the large black tree-fern, Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz, found from the Upper Pliocene to the present day; bottom, spore (type specimen) of Osmundacidites wellmanii Couper, a fern, Jurassic to Cretaceous. Right, top, pollen of Nothofagus cranwellae Couper, beech no